UXor型年轻恒星GM仙王座星团原行星盘的诊断
Diagnosing the Clumpy Protoplanetary Disk of the UXor Type Young Star GM Cephei
摘要：
猎户座UX型星（UXors）是赫比格Ae/Be型或金牛座T型星，偶尔会被星周尘埃掩星。GM\，Cephei就是这样一个年轻（$\sim4$ ~Myr）疏散星团Trumpler\，37中的UXor，显示出显著的红外过剩、发射线光谱和耀斑活动。我们的光度监测（2008- 2018）探测到（1）~一个$\sim$ 3.43天的周期，可能是由表面恒星黑子的旋转调制引起的，（2）~由于吸积，在几天的时间尺度上零星变亮，（3）~由于星周尘埃灭绝，不规则的小通量下降，以及（4）~大通量下降，每个持续几个月，重复时间，虽然不完全是周期性的，大约两年。恒星经历了大颗粒的正常变红，即，当它变暗时，它会变得更红，但它会表现出一种不寻常的“蓝化”现象，即恒星在亮度最小值附近变蓝。相对较短（持续$\leq 50$ ~天）事件期间的最大灭绝与持续时间成比例，这是不同团块大小的结果。对于较长的事件，灭绝是独立的持续时间，暗示横向串分布的团块。偏振监测表明光学偏振变化$\sim3\%$ -8 $\%$，其水平λ与缓慢的亮度变化有关。非偏振光和偏振光的时间变化限制了星周团块与年轻恒星和散射包络相互作用的大小和轨道距离。这些凌日团块是最近在年轻恒星中发现的环状或螺旋状结构的边缘表现，它们在散射光的红外成像中或在热化尘埃发射的亚毫米成像中被发现。
英文摘要：
UX Orionis stars (UXors) are Herbig Ae/Be or T Tauri stars exhibiting sporadic occultation of stellar light by circumstellar dust. GM\,Cephei is such a UXor in the young ($\sim4$~Myr) open cluster Trumpler\,37, showing prominent infrared excess, emission-line spectra, and flare activity. Our photometric monitoring (2008--2018) detects (1)~an $\sim$3.43~day period, likely arising from rotational modulation by surface starspots, (2)~sporadic brightening on time scales of days due to accretion, (3)~irregular minor flux drops due to circumstellar dust extinction, and (4)~major flux drops, each lasting for a couple of months with a recurrence time, though not exactly periodic, of about two years. The star experiences normal reddening by large grains, i.e., redder when dimmer, but exhibits an unusual "blueing" phenomenon in that the star turns blue near brightness minima. The maximum extinction during relatively short (lasting $\leq 50$~days) events, is proportional to the duration, a consequence of varying clump sizes. For longer events, the extinction is independent of duration, suggestive of a transverse string distribution of clumps. Polarization monitoring indicates an optical polarization varying $\sim3\%$--8$\%$, with the level anticorrelated with the slow brightness change. Temporal variation of the unpolarized and polarized light sets constraints on the size and orbital distance of the circumstellar clumps in the interplay with the young star and scattering envelope. These transiting clumps are edge-on manifestations of the ring- or spiral-like structures found recently in young stars with imaging in infrared of scattered light, or in submillimeter of thermalized dust emission.
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