AI 中文总结
本研究编制1千秒差距内243颗真实赫比格星星表，发现其盘尘埃质量分布呈双峰特征，大质量盘出现率峰值与巨行星峰值重合，揭示赫比格星盘的演化特性与成因。
AI 中文摘要
赫比格星是质量在1.5至约15倍太阳质量之间的中等质量主序前恒星，处于低质量恒星形成与大质量恒星形成的过渡阶段。本研究编制了1千秒差距内所有243颗经确认、具有明确红外过量且多数存在吸积信号的真实赫比格星的星表，包含归档、重新校准及新推导的恒星参数、吸积率属性和盘尘埃质量测量值，其中盘尘埃质量通过新获取的毫米波段测光数据与文献值推导得到。研究发现，50%的赫比格尘埃盘质量超过10倍地球质量，而在Lupus和Upper Scorpius天区的T Tauri星盘中，该比例仅分别为20%和5%；赫比格盘尘埃质量分布呈双峰特征，分为高盘质量和低盘质量星族，平均尘埃质量分别为21倍地球质量和0.45倍地球质量。星表在300秒差距内接近完整，完整度达约100%，但延伸至1千秒差距时完整度降至24%。赫比格盘呈现平坦关系，源于短盘寿命天体，其成因是低盘质量与高吸积率的共同作用；质量大于10倍地球质量的大质量盘的出现率峰值出现在质量约1至2倍太阳质量的恒星处，与巨行星出现率峰值重合。低吸积率（小于10^-8倍太阳质量每年）或低盘尘埃质量（不超过1倍地球质量）的赫比格星数量较少，且盘尘埃质量分布无年龄依赖性，表明观测到的赫比格星族代表中等质量恒星形成光学可见晚期阶段中残存的盘宿主相，其成因可能是这些盘中形成深尘埃陷阱、晚期吸积补充，或两者共同作用。
英文摘要
Herbig stars are intermediate mass pre-main sequence stars of 1.5 to $\sim15$~M$_\odot$ and are in between low and high-mass star formation. This work provides a catalog of all 243 known bona-fide Herbig stars with clear infrared excess and in many cases accretion signatures within 1~kpc. It contains archival, recalibrated, and newly derived stellar parameters, accretion rate properties, and disk dust mass measurements. We derive the latter by using newly obtained millimeter photometry and literature values. We find that 50\% of Herbig dust disks are more massive than 10~M$_\oplus$, while this is only true for 20\% and 5\% of the T~Tauri disks in Lupus and Upper~Scorpius respectively. Furthermore, the Herbig disk dust mass distribution is bimodal, it consists of a high and low disk mass population with a mean dust mass of 21~M$_\oplus$ and 0.45~M$_\oplus$ respectively. We find that the catalog is near complete for within 300~pc, however, this decreases to 24\% out to 1~kpc. We observe a flat relation for Herbig disks due to objects with short disk lifetimes, caused by a combination of low disk masses and high accretion rates. Furthermore, we find the peak of the occurrence rate of massive (>10~M$_\oplus$) disks to occur at $\sim$1-2~M$_\odot$ stars, coinciding with the peak in occurrence rate of giant exoplanets. The small number of Herbig stars with low accretion rates ($<10^{-8}$~M$_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$) or low disk dust masses ($\lesssim1$~M$_\oplus$), combined with the lack of an age dependence in the disk dust mass distribution, suggests that the observed Herbig star population represents the surviving disk-hosting phase in the optically visible late stages of intermediate-mass star formation. We argue that this is either due to the formation of deep dust traps in these disks or replenishment by late-infall, or a combination of the two.
CommentsAccepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 19 pages, 11 figures, plus appendices
