我们利用100米Green Bank Telescope(GBT,格林班克望远镜)获取了29个极贫金属恒星形成蓝致密矮(BCD)星系样本的新HI观测数据,这些星系从Sloan Digital Sky Survey(斯隆数字巡天,SDSS)光谱数据库中筛选而出,满足极贫金属条件(12+logO/H<7.6)。其中28个星系探测到了中性氢,探测率达97%。我们将HI数据与该BCD样本的SDSS光学光谱相结合,并补充文献中的星系样本以拓展金属丰度和质量范围,研究了星系HI含量随各类星系整体属性的变化规律。研究发现气体质量分数随金属丰度、质量和光度的降低呈现清晰的上升趋势。我们得到了M(HI)/L(g)~L(g)^{-0.3}的关系,与此前基于更小光度范围样本的研究结果一致。该GBT样本的气体质量分数中位数为0.94,平均值为0.90±0.15,下限约为0.65。HI耗竭时间与金属丰度无关,在3.4 Gyr的中位值附近存在较大的离散性。贫金属BCD星系的重子质量与动力学质量之比在0.05到0.80之间,中位值约为0.2。我们样本中约65%的BCD星系有效产额大于真实产额,这意味着BCD星系的中性气体包层与电离气体相比,金属丰度低1.5到20倍。
英文摘要:
We have obtained new HI observations with the 100m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) for a sample of 29 extremely metal-deficient star-forming Blue Compact Dwarf (BCD) galaxies, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectral data base to be extremely metal-deficient (12+logO/H<7.6). Neutral hydrogen was detected in 28 galaxies, a 97% detection rate. Combining the HI data with SDSS optical spectra for the BCD sample and adding complementary galaxy samples from the literature to extend the metallicity and mass ranges, we have studied how the HI content of a galaxy varies with various global galaxian properties. There is a clear trend of increasing gas mass fraction with decreasing metallicity, mass and luminosity. We obtain the relation M(HI)/L(g)~L(g)^{-0.3}, in agreement with previous studies based on samples with a smaller luminosity range. The median gas mass fraction f(gas) for the GBT sample is equal to 0.94 while the mean gas mass fraction is 0.90+/-0.15, with a lower limit of ~0.65. The HI depletion time is independent of metallicity, with a large scatter around the median value of 3.4 Gyr. The ratio of the baryonic mass to the dynamical mass of the metal-deficient BCDs varies from 0.05 to 0.80, with a median value of ~0.2. About 65% of the BCDs in our sample have an effective yield larger than the true yield, implying that the neutral gas envelope in BCDs is more metal-deficient by a factor of 1.5-20, as compared to the ionized gas.
Searching for Extremely Blue UV Continuum Slopes at $z=7-11$ in JWST/NIRCam Imaging: Implications for Stellar Metallicity and Ionizing Photon Escape in Early Galaxies
On the properties of the interstellar medium in extremely metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxies. A VIMOS-IFU study of the cometary galaxy and Ly $α$ absorber Tol 65
On the properties of the interstellar medium in extremely metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxies: GMOS-IFU spectroscopy and SDSS photometry of the double-knot galaxy HS 2236+1344
A Galaxy with an Extremely Blue UV Slope $β=-3$ at $z=9.25$ Identified by JWST Spectroscopy: Evidence for a Weak Nebular Continuum and Efficient Ionizing Photon Escape?
The Growth of Dust in Galaxies in the First Billion Years with Applications to Blue Monsters
University of Florida(佛罗里达大学);Cosmic Dawn Center at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen and DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所黎明中心及丹麦技术大学DTU空间);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学);Virginia Institute for Theoretical Astronomy, University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚理论天文学研究所);The NSF-Simons AI Institute for Cosmic Origins, USA(美国NSF-西蒙斯宇宙起源人工智能研究所);University of California(加州大学);The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);Cosmic Frontier Center, The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校宇宙前沿中心);University of Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);INAF, Astrophysics and Space Science Observatory Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站);Universi(大学)
MEGATRON: The Physical Origins of Steep UV Slopes at High Redshift
University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所);Sub-department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford(牛津大学天体物理子部门);Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Universites, CNRS, UMR 7095(巴黎天体物理研究所,索邦大学,法国国家科学研究中心,UMR 7095);University of Bath(巴斯大学);Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRAL UMR5574, ENS de Lyon, CNRS(里昂第一大学,CRAL UMR5574,里昂高等师范学校,法国国家科学研究中心);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心(DAWN));Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学天文研究所);Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University(延世大学天文学系);Sterrenkundig Observatorium Department of Physics and Astronomy Universiteit Gent(根特大学物理与天文学系天文观测站)
HST's Deep Blue: extremely deep UV imaging to reveal the contributors to reionization
Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille)(艾克斯-马赛大学,法国国家科学研究中心,法国国家空间研究中心,马赛天体物理实验室);Stockholm University, Department of Astronomy and Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics(斯德哥尔摩大学,天文学系与奥斯卡·克莱因宇宙粒子物理中心);Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota(明尼苏达大学物理与天文学院天体物理研究所);Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université(巴黎天体物理研究所,法国国家科学研究中心,索邦大学);IPAC, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院红外处理与分析中心);Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca(米兰比可卡大学“G.奥恰利尼”物理系);Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva(日内瓦大学天文学系)
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii(夏威夷大学天体物理研究所);Main Astronomical Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(乌克兰国家科学院主天文台);Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences(俄罗斯科学院特殊天文台);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Astronomy Department, University of Maryland(马里兰大学天文学系)
BLUEPRINT: Blue-dominant Lyman-$α$ emission as evidence of gas inflow in ultra-low-mass galaxies at z = 3
Macquarie University(麦考瑞大学);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Swinburne University of Technology(斯威本科技大学);Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca(米兰比可卡大学);Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心(CAB),西班牙国家研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所)
Extremely-Metal Poor Stars in the Milky Way: A Second Generation Formed after Reionization
第三星族恒星形成的宇宙学模拟显示,当冷却由氢分子驱动时,初始质量函数(IMF)偏向于在红移z>20的迷你晕中形成的超大质量恒星(M> 100 Msun)。然而,这一结果与银河系晕中的极贫金属(EMP)恒星的观测结果相冲突,其r过程元素丰度似乎与非常大的第三星族祖先的预期不相容。我们提出了一个新的解决方案的问题,其中的IMF的第二代恒星形成在z>10,再电离之前,是不足的亚太阳质量的恒星,由于高宇宙微波背景温度地板。观测到的EMP星优先在z <10 in pockets of gas enriched to metallicity Z>10^{-3.5} Zsun由星族II星的风形成。我们对像银河系这样的暗物质晕的宇宙学模拟表明,目前的EMP星样本只能限制晚期第三星族恒星的IMF,这些恒星形成于z<13的晕中,维里温度Tvir约为10^4 K。这表明对不稳定性超新星主要不是由这个群体产生的。要开始探测形成于高红移的第三星族恒星的IMF,需要进行一次大规模的巡天,至少要有500颗,可能是几千颗金属丰度为Z~10^{-3.5} Zsun的EMP星。
A rotation-based census of blue lurker candidates in open clusters
Charles University(查理大学);National Central University(中央大学);Università di Firenze(佛罗伦萨大学);INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切里天文台)