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arXiv 0905.4505astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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Milky Way中的极贫金属星:再电离后形成的第二代

Extremely-Metal Poor Stars in the Milky Way: A Second Generation Formed after Reionization

Michele Trenti, Michael Shull

摘要:

第三星族恒星形成的宇宙学模拟显示,当冷却由氢分子驱动时,初始质量函数(IMF)偏向于在红移z>20的迷你晕中形成的超大质量恒星(M> 100 Msun)。然而,这一结果与银河系晕中的极贫金属(EMP)恒星的观测结果相冲突,其r过程元素丰度似乎与非常大的第三星族祖先的预期不相容。我们提出了一个新的解决方案的问题,其中的IMF的第二代恒星形成在z>10,再电离之前,是不足的亚太阳质量的恒星,由于高宇宙微波背景温度地板。观测到的EMP星优先在z <10 in pockets of gas enriched to metallicity Z>10^{-3.5} Zsun由星族II星的风形成。我们对像银河系这样的暗物质晕的宇宙学模拟表明,目前的EMP星样本只能限制晚期第三星族恒星的IMF,这些恒星形成于z&lt;13的晕中,维里温度Tvir约为10^4 K。这表明对不稳定性超新星主要不是由这个群体产生的。要开始探测形成于高红移的第三星族恒星的IMF,需要进行一次大规模的巡天,至少要有500颗,可能是几千颗金属丰度为Z~10^{-3.5} Zsun的EMP星。

英文摘要:

Cosmological simulations of Population III star formation suggest an initial mass function (IMF) biased toward very massive stars (M>100Msun) formed in minihalos at redshift z>20, when the cooling is driven by molecular hydrogen. However, this result conflicts with observations of extremely-metal poor (EMP) stars in the Milky Way halo, whose r-process elemental abundances appear to be incompatible with those expected from very massive Population III progenitors. We propose a new solution to the problem in which the IMF of second-generation stars formed at z>10, before reionization, is deficient in sub-solar mass stars, owing to the high cosmic microwave background temperature floor. The observed EMP stars are formed preferentially at z<10 in pockets of gas enriched to metallicity Z>10^{-3.5} Zsun by winds from Population II stars. Our cosmological simulations of dark matter halos like the Milky Way show that current samples of EMP stars can only constrain the IMF of late-time Population III stars, formed at z<13 in halos with virial temperature Tvir~10^4 K. This suggests that pair instability supernovae were not produced primarily by this population. To begin probing the IMF of Population III stars formed at higher redshift will require a large survey, with at least 500 and probably several thousand EMP stars of metallicities Z~10^{-3.5} Zsun.

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