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arXiv 1609.01487cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.supr-conphysics.ins-det
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量子系统中耗散的纳米尺度热成像

Nanoscale thermal imaging of dissipation in quantum systems

Dorri Halbertal, Jo Cuppens, Moshe Ben Shalom, Lior Embon, Nitzan Shadmi, Yonathan Anahory, HR Naren, Jayanta Sarkar, Aviram Uri, Yuval Ronen, Yury Myasoedov, L… 展开作者

Dorri Halbertal, Jo Cuppens, Moshe Ben Shalom, Lior Embon, Nitzan Shadmi, Yonathan Anahory, HR Naren, Jayanta Sarkar, Aviram Uri, Yuval Ronen, Yury Myasoedov, Leonid Levitov, Ernesto Joselevich, Andre Konstantin Geim, Eli Zeldov

摘要:

能量耗散是控制物理、化学和生物系统动力学的基本过程。这也是区分量子现象和经典现象的主要特征之一。特别是在凝聚态物理中,散射机制、量子信息的丢失或拓扑保护的崩溃都深深植根于耗散如何以及在何处发生的复杂细节。尽管它至关重要,但系统的微观行为通常不能用耗散来表示,因为耗散在微观尺度上不是一个容易测量的量。虽然纳米温度测量获得了最近的兴趣,现有的热成像方法缺乏必要的灵敏度,并不适合低温操作所需的量子系统的研究。在这里,我们报告了一个超导量子干涉纳米温度计装置与子50 nm的直径,驻留在一个尖锐的移液管的顶点,并提供扫描低温热传感与四个数量级的改善低于1 μK/Hz 1/2的热灵敏度。非接触式非侵入式温度测量允许非常低的纳米级能量耗散的热成像,低至40 fW的基本Landauer极限,用于在4.2 K下以1 GHz连续读出单个量子位。这些进展使得能够观察到由于碳纳米管中单个量子点的单电子充电引起的耗散,并揭示了由于hBN封装的石墨烯中的共振局域态引起的新型耗散机制,为量子物质中纳米级耗散过程的直接成像打开了大门。

英文摘要:

Energy dissipation is a fundamental process governing the dynamics of physical, chemical, and biological systems. It is also one of the main characteristics distinguishing quantum and classical phenomena. In condensed matter physics, in particular, scattering mechanisms, loss of quantum information, or breakdown of topological protection are deeply rooted in the intricate details of how and where the dissipation occurs. Despite its vital importance the microscopic behavior of a system is usually not formulated in terms of dissipation because the latter is not a readily measureable quantity on the microscale. Although nanoscale thermometry is gaining much recent interest, the existing thermal imaging methods lack the necessary sensitivity and are unsuitable for low temperature operation required for study of quantum systems. Here we report a superconducting quantum interference nano-thermometer device with sub 50 nm diameter that resides at the apex of a sharp pipette and provides scanning cryogenic thermal sensing with four orders of magnitude improved thermal sensitivity of below 1 μK/Hz1/2. The non-contact non-invasive thermometry allows thermal imaging of very low nanoscale energy dissipation down to the fundamental Landauer limit of 40 fW for continuous readout of a single qubit at 1 GHz at 4.2 K. These advances enable observation of dissipation due to single electron charging of individual quantum dots in carbon nanotubes and reveal a novel dissipation mechanism due to resonant localized states in hBN encapsulated graphene, opening the door to direct imaging of nanoscale dissipation processes in quantum matter.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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