Recent advances in nanoscale magnetism have demonstrated the potential for spin-based technology including magnetic random access memory, nanoscale microwave sources, and ultra-low power signal transfer. Future engineering advances and new scientific discoveries will be enabled by research tools capable of examining local magnetization dynamics at length and time scales fundamental to spatiotemporal variations in magnetic systems - typically 10 - 200 nm and 5 - 50 ps. A key problem is that current table-top magnetic microscopy cannot access both of these scales simultaneously. In this letter, we introduce a spatiotemporal magnetic microscopy that uses magneto-thermoelectric interactions to measure local magnetization via the time-resolved anomalous Nernst effect (TRANE). By generating a short-lived, local thermal gradient, the magnetic moment is transduced into an electrical signal. Experimentally, we show that TRANE microscopy has time resolution below 30 ps and spatial resolution limited by the thermal excitation area. Furthermore, we present numerical simulations to show that the thermal spot size sets the limits of the spatial resolution, even at 50 nm. The thermal effects used for TRANE microscopy have no fundamental limit on their spatial resolution, therefore a future TRANE microscope employing a scanning plasmon antenna could enable measurements of nanoscale magnetic dynamics.
Picosecond localization dynamics following ultrafast nanoscale magnetic switching
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH（亥姆霍兹柏林材料能源有限公司）；University of Augsburg（奥格斯堡大学）；Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy（马克斯·玻恩非线性光学和短脉冲光谱研究所）；European XFEL（欧洲X射线自由电子激光装置）；Radboud Universiteit（拉德堡德大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften（马克斯·普朗克多学科自然科学研究所）
Emergent Chaos-Like Dynamics of Spin-Orbit Torque-Driven Magnetic Transitions
Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy（马克斯·玻恩非线性光学和超短脉冲光谱研究所）；University of Augsburg（奥格斯堡大学）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie（柏林赫尔姆霍兹材料能源中心）；Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH)（费迪南德·布劳恩研究所）；Technische Universität Berlin（柏林工业大学）；Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron（德国电子同步辐射中心）
