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arXiv 1609.01059astro-ph.SR
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经典金牛T星吸积影响的流体动力学模拟:激波前等离子体的辐射加热

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Accretion Impacts in Classical T Tauri Stars: Radiative Heating of the Pre-shock Plasma

G. Costa, S. Orlando, G. Peres, C. Argiroffi, R. Bonito

摘要:

上下文人们普遍认为,在经典金牛T型星中,来自星周盘的等离子体以自由降落的速度吸积到恒星表面,碰撞产生激波。撞击区域预计将有助于不同光谱带的发射;许多研究已经证实,X射线来自激波后等离子体,但除此之外,文献中没有研究调查所观察到的紫外线发射的起源,这显然与吸积有关。目标。我们研究了撞击后等离子体在吸积流底部对下落材料的辐射加热效果,目的是确定在哪个区域产生了相当大的紫外线辐射。方法.我们开发了一个一维流体动力学模型,描述了吸积流对恒星表面的影响;该模型考虑了重力,光学薄等离子体的辐射冷却,热传导,以及由于X射线辐射的吸收而产生的加热。后一项表示由于吸收从激波后区域发射的X射线而对下落的等离子体的加热。结果我们发现,激波前等离子体的辐射加热在吸积现象中起着不可忽视的作用。特别地,由于在冲击区域处的冲击等离子体产生的X射线的照射,冲击前吸积柱的致密且冷的等离子体逐渐被加热到几个$10^5$ K。这种加热机制不会显著影响冲击后等离子体的动力学。另一方面,辐射加热的气体(我们认为是前体)区域形成在未受冲击的吸积柱中,并对紫外线发射有显着贡献。我们的模型自然地再现了与吸积相关的紫外线发射线的亮度,并表明大部分紫外线发射来自前体。

英文摘要:

Context. It is generally accepted that, in Classical T Tauri Stars, the plasma from the circumstellar disc accretes onto the stellar surface with free fall velocity, and the impact generates a shock. The impact region is expected to contribute to emission in different spectral bands; many studies have confirmed that the X-rays arise from the post-shock plasma but, otherwise, there are no studies in the literature investigating the origin of the observed UV emission which is apparently correlated to accretion. Aims. We investigated the effect of radiative heating of the infalling material by the post-shock plasma at the base of the accretion stream with the aim to identify in which region a significant part of the UV emission originates. Methods. We developed a 1D hydrodynamic model describing the impact of an accretion stream onto the stellar surface; the model takes into account the gravity, the radiative cooling of an optically thin plasma, the thermal conduction, and the heating due to absorption of X-ray radiation. The latter term represents the heating of the infalling plasma due to the absorption of X-rays emitted from the post-shock region. Results. We found that the radiative heating of the pre-shock plasma plays a non-negligible role in the accretion phenomenon. In particular, the dense and cold plasma of the pre-shock accretion column is gradually heated up to few $10^5$\;K due to irradiation of X-rays arising from the shocked plasma at the impact region. This heating mechanism does not affect significantly the dynamics of the post-shock plasma. On the other hand, a region of radiatively heated gas (that we consider a precursor) forms in the unshocked accretion column and contributes significantly to UV emission. Our model naturally reproduces the luminosity of UV emission lines correlated to accretion and shows that most of the UV emission originates from the precursor.

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