arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1609.00985cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.stat-mechquant-ph
收藏

三维拓扑相的对称性富集

Symmetry Enrichment in Three-Dimensional Topological Phases

Shang-Qiang Ning, Zheng-Xin Liu, Peng Ye

摘要:

虽然二维富氢拓扑相($\mathsf{SET}$ s)已被深入系统地研究,但三维富氢拓扑相仍然是开放的问题。本文提出了一种在规范群$G_g$的规范理论(记作$\mathsf{GT}$)上施加整体对称性$G_s$的算法方法。由此产生的对称规范理论被称为“富氢规范理论“($\mathsf{SEG}$),它可以作为三维对称拓扑量子自旋液体的低能有效理论。我们主要研究规范群为$G_g=\mathbb{Z}_{N_1}\times\mathbb{Z}_{N_2}\times\cdots$,在位幺正对称群为$G_s=\mathbb{Z}_{K_1}\times\mathbb{Z}_{K_2}\times\cdots$或$G_s=\mathrm{U(1)}\times \mathbb{Z}_{K_1}\times\cdots$的$\mathsf{SEG}$。每个$\mathsf{SEG}(G_g,G_s)$描述的路径积分形式主义与一定的对称性分配。从路径积分表达式,我们提出了如何物理诊断基态性质(即,$\mathsf{SET}$命令)的$\mathsf{SEG}$ s在实验中的电荷回路编织(模式的对称性分馏)和\emph{mixed}多回路编织之间的解除限制的回路激发和限制的对称通量。从这些丰富的属性中,可以获得从$\mathsf{SEG}$到$\mathsf{SET}$的映射。通过赋予背景规范场完全的动力学性质,$\mathsf{SEG}$可能最终被提升为一组新的规范理论(记为$\mathsf{GT}^*$)。基于它们的规范群,$\mathsf{GT}^*$可以进一步重新分组为不同的类,每个类由规范群${G}^*_g$标记。最后,我们得到了一个包括$\mathsf{GT}$、$\mathsf{SEG}$、$\mathsf{SET}$和$\mathsf{GT}^*$的规范理论网络。我们通过许多具体的例子证明了上述的量子富集物理和规范理论的网络。

英文摘要:

While two-dimensional symmetry-enriched topological phases ($\mathsf{SET}$s) have been studied intensively and systematically, three-dimensional ones are still open issues. We propose an algorithmic approach of imposing global symmetry $G_s$ on gauge theories (denoted by $\mathsf{GT}$) with gauge group $G_g$. The resulting symmetric gauge theories are dubbed "symmetry-enriched gauge theories" ($\mathsf{SEG}$), which may be served as low-energy effective theories of three-dimensional symmetric topological quantum spin liquids. We focus on $\mathsf{SEG}$s with gauge group $G_g=\mathbb{Z}_{N_1}\times\mathbb{Z}_{N_2}\times\cdots$ and on-site unitary symmetry group $G_s=\mathbb{Z}_{K_1}\times\mathbb{Z}_{K_2}\times\cdots$ or $G_s=\mathrm{U(1)}\times \mathbb{Z}_{K_1}\times\cdots$. Each $\mathsf{SEG}(G_g,G_s)$ is described in the path integral formalism associated with certain symmetry assignment. From the path-integral expression, we propose how to physically diagnose the ground state properties (i.e., $\mathsf{SET}$ orders) of $\mathsf{SEG}$s in experiments of charge-loop braidings (patterns of symmetry fractionalization) and the \emph{mixed} multi-loop braidings among deconfined loop excitations and confined symmetry fluxes. From these symmetry-enriched properties, one can obtain the map from $\mathsf{SEG}$s to $\mathsf{SET}$s. By giving full dynamics to background gauge fields, $\mathsf{SEG}$s may be eventually promoted to a set of new gauge theories (denoted by $\mathsf{GT}^*$). Based on their gauge groups, $\mathsf{GT}^*$s may be further regrouped into different classes each of which is labeled by a gauge group ${G}^*_g$. Finally, a web of gauge theories involving $\mathsf{GT}$, $\mathsf{SEG}$, $\mathsf{SET}$ and $\mathsf{GT}^*$ is achieved. We demonstrate the above symmetry-enrichment physics and the web of gauge theories through many concrete examples.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑