量子梯度自旋链中的能量整流：XXZ模型分析
Energy Rectification in Quantum Graded Spin Chains: Analysis of the XXZ Model
摘要：
在这项工作中，专注于量子，低维，梯度材料中的能量输运性质，我们解决了XXZ开链的能量（和自旋）电流的调查与梯度内部结构和驱动的平衡施加在两端的磁化泵。我们研究了几种类型的梯度结构，在不同的情况下，以显示一个无处不在的发生能量整流，即使是在一个均匀的磁场下的系统。由于技术上的困难，我们进行了计算的小链，但我们提出的参数，表明一些结果的扩展到更大的系统。回顾经典梯度材料中能量整流的普遍存在，这是由非谐振子链描述的，还回顾这些XXZ模型的非谐振性，其中涉及四次项，用费米子产生和湮灭算符更透明地表示，我们可以说，我们的结果将经典梯度材料中普遍存在的能量整流现象推广到了量子系统中。
英文摘要：
In this work, with focus on the energy transport properties in quantum, low dimensional, graded materials, we address the investigation of the energy (and spin) current in XXZ open chains with graded inner structures and driven out of equilibrium by magnetization pumping applied at the ends. We study several types of graded structures in different situations in order to show a ubiquitous occurrence of energy rectification, even for the system under a homogeneous magnetic field. Due to technical difficulties, we carry out the computation for small chains, but we present arguments which indicate the extension of some results to larger systems. Recalling the generic existence of energy rectification in classical, graded materials, which are described by anharmonic chains of oscillators, and recalling also the anharmonicity of these XXZ models, which involve quartic terms in more transparent representation in terms of fermionic creation and annihilation operators, we may say that our results extend the ubiquity of energy rectification occurrence in classical graded materials to the case of quantum systems.
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