能流的单行道：边界驱动量子自旋链中的普遍现象
One-way street for the energy current: A ubiquitous phenomenon in boundary-driven quantum spin chains
摘要：
本文着重于量子尺度下能量输运的非平凡性质的描述，研究了边界驱动的$\mathit{XXZ}$和$\mathit{XXX}$ Heisenberg模型描述的非对称量子自旋链.我们寻找对称性的Lindblad主方程的动力学系统，以建立稳定状态的属性。在相当一般的假设下，在边界处的目标极化，我们显示了与能量整流相关（但比能量整流更强）的效应的发生，即单向街道现象，这是能量流的唯一方式的存在。确切地说，当我们在边界处颠倒浴槽时，能流的大小和方向都不会改变：它的方向完全由链体的不对称性决定。结果如下独立的系统大小和运输制度。我们的研究结果表明，在边界驱动的自旋系统的能量流的单行道现象的普遍发生，我们相信，他们将是一个有益的贡献，致力于该地区的调查和建设的有效的量子设备用于控制和操纵的能量流。
英文摘要：
Focusing on the description of nontrivial properties of the energy transport at quantum scale, we investigate asymmetrical quantum spin chains described by boundary-driven $\mathit{XXZ}$ and $\mathit{XXX}$ Heisenberg models. We search for symmetries properties of the Lindblad master equation related to the dynamics of the system in order to establish properties of the steady state. Under rather general assumptions for the target polarization at the boundaries, we show the occurrence of an effect related to (but stronger than) energy rectification, namely, the one-way street phenomenon, which is the existence of an unique way for the energy flow. Precisely, the energy current does not change in magnitude and direction as we invert the baths at the boundaries: its direction is completely determined by the asymmetry in the bulk of the chain. The results follow independent of the system size and of the transport regime. Our findings show the ubiquitous occurrence of the one-way street phenomenon for the energy flow in boundary-driven spin systems and, we believe, they shall be an useful contribution to the area devoted to the investigation and building of efficient quantum devices used to control and manipulate the energy current.
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