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arXiv 1608.08893astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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红巨星表面的高磁场是行星吞噬的新标志?

High surface magnetic field in red giants as a new signature of planet engulfment?

Giovanni Privitera, Georges Meynet, Patrick Eggenberger, Cyril Georgy, Sylvia Ekström, Aline A. Vidotto, Michele Bianda, Eva Villaver, Asif ud-Doula

摘要:

上下文红巨星可能吞噬行星。这可能会增加其对流包层的旋转速率,这可能会导致强大的发电机触发的磁场。目的。我们探索了在经历了行星吞噬过程的红巨星中产生磁场的可能性。我们将它们与没有任何行星的类似模型进行比较。我们讨论了恒星风磁制动对母星表面速度演化的影响。方法.利用有无行星的旋转恒星模型和Rossby数与表面磁场之间的经验关系,我们推导了表面磁场沿红巨星分支的演化.风磁制动的影响进行了探讨使用的关系推导出的MHD模拟。结果1.7 M $_\odot$的恒星演化模型没有行星吞没,并且在主序星期间的时间平均自转速度等于100 km/s $^{-1}$,显示出仅在红巨星分支底部由大于10 G的对流触发的表面磁场,这意味着重力日志$g > 3$。当一颗行星被吞没时,这种磁场也可以在低得多的重力下出现,即沿着红巨星分支的高得多的光度。通常,一颗15 M的$_J$行星被吞没时,会产生一个发电机触发的磁场,其重力在2.5到1.9之间,大于10 G。我们表明,合理的风磁制动法,高表面速度达到行星吞没后,可以保持足够长的时间被观察到。结论.在红巨星分支的上部,红巨星表面的高磁场是行星被吞没或与伴星相互作用的强烈迹象。我们的理论可以通过观察快速旋转的红巨星来检验,并检查它们是否显示出磁场。

英文摘要:

Context. Red-giant stars may engulf planets. This may increase the rotation rate of their convective envelope, which could lead to strong dynamo-triggered magnetic fields. Aims. We explore the possibility of generating magnetic fields in red giants that have gone through the process of a planet engulfment. We compare them with similar models that evolve without any planets. We discuss the impact of stellar wind magnetic braking on the evolution of the surface velocity of the parent star. Methods. With rotating stellar models with and without planets and an empirical relation between the Rossby number and the surface magnetic field, we deduce the evolution of the surface magnetic field along the red-giant branch. The effects of wind magnetic braking is explored using a relation deduced from MHD simulations. Results. The stellar evolution model of a 1.7 M$_\odot$ without planet engulfment and that has a time-averaged rotation velocity during the Main-Sequence equal to 100 km s$^{-1}$, shows a surface magnetic field triggered by convection larger than 10 G only at the base of the red giant branch, that means for gravities log $g > 3$. When a planet engulfment occurs, such magnetic field can also appear at much lower gravities, i.e. at much higher luminosities along the red giant branch. Typically the engulfment of a 15 M$_J$ planet produces a dynamo triggered magnetic field larger than 10 G for gravities between 2.5 and 1.9. We show that for reasonable wind magnetic braking laws, the high surface velocity reached after a planet engulfment may be maintained sufficiently long for being observable. Conclusions. High surface magnetic fields for red giants in the upper part of the red giant branch is a strong indication of a planet engulfment or of an interaction with a companion. Our theory can be tested by observing fast rotating red giants and check whether they show magnetic fields.

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