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arXiv 2005.14209astro-ph.SR
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Lithium-6作为红巨星富锂机制的诊断

On Lithium-6 as diagnostic of the lithium-enrichment mechanism in red giants

Claudia Aguilera-Gómez, Julio Chanamé, Marc H. Pinsonneault

摘要:

巨星中锂-7($\mathrm{^7Li}$)的高丰度表明了影响恒星的非标准物理过程。可能产生这种特征的机制包括来自外部来源的污染,如行星,或内部生产和随后混合到恒星表面。然而,区分不同系列的解决方案已被证明是具有挑战性的,并且目前没有解释所有数据的共识模型。锂-6($\mathrm{^6Li}$)丰度可能是一个潜在的重要判别因素,因为如果富集来自内部生产或来自吞没,则相对$\mathrm{^6Li}$和$\mathrm{^7Li}$丰度预计是不同的。在这项工作中,我们的模型$\mathrm{^6Li}$和$\mathrm{^7Li}$丰度不同的巨人后,吞没的亚恒星质量的同伴。考虑到$\mathrm{^6Li}$比$\mathrm{^7Li}$更强烈地受到银河系化学演化的影响,$\mathrm{^6Li}$在低金属丰度时不是一个很好的判别式,在低金属丰度时,它在恒星和行星中都很低。对于模拟的金属丰度([Fe/H] $>-0.5$),我们使用等于太阳值的“最佳情况”初始$\mathrm{^6Li/^7Li}$比率。$\mathrm{^6Li}$在吞噬同伴后显著增加。然而,在金属丰度接近太阳和更高,$\mathrm{^6Li}$信号不会持续很长时间在恒星表面。因此,在富含金属的红巨星中探测到表面$\mathrm{^6Li}$,很可能表明除了行星吞没之外,还有一种机制在富集$\mathrm{^6Li}$。同时,$\mathrm{^6Li}$不应被用来否定$\mathrm{^7Li}$富集的巨核吞噬假说,或支持特定的$\mathrm{^7Li}$增强机制。

英文摘要:

High lithium-7 ($\mathrm{^7Li}$) abundances in giants are indicative of non-standard physical processes affecting the star. Mechanisms that could produce this signature include contamination from an external source, such as planets, or internal production and subsequent mixing to the stellar surface. However, distinguishing between different families of solutions has proven challenging, and there is no current consensus model that explains all the data. The lithium-6 ($\mathrm{^6Li}$) abundance may be a potentially important discriminant, as the relative $\mathrm{^6Li}$ and $\mathrm{^7Li}$ abundances are expected to be different if the enrichment were to come from internal production or from engulfment. In this work, we model the $\mathrm{^6Li}$ and $\mathrm{^7Li}$ abundances of different giants after the engulfment of a substellar mass companion. Given that $\mathrm{^6Li}$ is more strongly affected by Galactic chemical evolution than $\mathrm{^7Li}$, $\mathrm{^6Li}$ is not a good discriminant at low metallicities, where it is expected to be low in both star and planet. For modeled metallicities ([Fe/H]$>-0.5$), we use a "best case" initial $\mathrm{^6Li/^7Li}$ ratio equal to the solar value. $\mathrm{^6Li}$ increases significantly after the engulfment of a companion. However, at metallicities close to solar and higher, the $\mathrm{^6Li}$ signal does not last long in the stellar surface. As such, detection of surface $\mathrm{^6Li}$ in metal-rich red giants would most likely indicate the action of a mechanism for $\mathrm{^6Li}$-enrichment other than planet engulfment. At the same time, $\mathrm{^6Li}$ should not be used to reject the hypothesis of engulfment in a $\mathrm{^7Li}$-enriched giant or to support a particular $\mathrm{^7Li}$-enhancement mechanism.

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