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arXiv 1608.05030physics.flu-dynastro-ph.EPphysics.ao-phphysics.geo-ph
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强分层turbulence中湍流热扩散的理论与实验

Turbulent thermal diffusion in strongly stratified turbulence: theory and experiments

G. Amir, N. Bar, A. Eidelman, T. Elperin, N. Kleeorin, I. Rogachevskii

摘要:

湍流热扩散是温度分层湍流和小颗粒惯性的综合作用。它导致在湍流热通量的方向上出现颗粒的非扩散湍流通量。颗粒的这种非扩散湍流通量与平均颗粒数密度和惯性颗粒的有效速度的乘积成比例。这种效应的理论以前只针对小的温度梯度和小的斯托克斯数(Phys. Rev. Lett. { \bf 76},224,1996)。在这项研究中,任意温度梯度和斯托克斯数的湍流热扩散的广义理论已经发展。为了验证强分层湍流中的湍流热扩散理论,进行了振荡格栅湍流和多风机湍流的实验室实验。结果表明,在大雷诺数下,惯性颗粒的有效速度与特征垂向紊流速度之比小于1。惯性粒子的有效速度以及湍流热扩散的有效系数随着Stokes数的增加而增加,在小Stokes数时达到最大值,而在大Stokes数时减小。湍流有效热扩散系数也随平均温度梯度的增大而减小。结果表明,所提出的理论与实验结果符合得很好。

英文摘要:

Turbulent thermal diffusion is a combined effect of the temperature stratified turbulence and inertia of small particles. It causes the appearance of a non-diffusive turbulent flux of particles in the direction of the turbulent heat flux. This non-diffusive turbulent flux of particles is proportional to the product of the mean particle number density and the effective velocity of inertial particles. The theory of this effect has been previously developed only for small temperature gradients and small Stokes numbers (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 76}, 224, 1996). In this study a generalized theory of turbulent thermal diffusion for arbitrary temperature gradients and Stokes numbers has been developed. The laboratory experiments in the oscillating grid turbulence and in the multi-fan produced turbulence have been performed to validate the theory of turbulent thermal diffusion in strongly stratified turbulent flows. It has been shown that the ratio of the effective velocity of inertial particles to the characteristic vertical turbulent velocity for large Reynolds numbers is less than 1. The effective velocity of inertial particles as well as the effective coefficient of turbulent thermal diffusion increase with Stokes numbers reaching the maximum at small Stokes numbers and decreases for larger Stokes numbers. The effective coefficient of turbulent thermal diffusion also decreases with the mean temperature gradient. It has been demonstrated that the developed theory is in a good agreement with the results of the laboratory experiments.

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