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arXiv 1608.04895astro-ph.HE
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脉冲星磁层和风理论

Theory of pulsar magnetosphere and wind

J. Pétri

摘要:

中子星是沉浸在强引力场和电磁场中的迷人天体,处于我们当前理论的边缘。这些恒星大多以类星体的形式出现,它们会适时地发出非常稳定和有规律的电磁信号。尽管它们在近50年前就被发现了,但它们仍然是神秘的致密恒星天体。本文综述了中子星磁层和风的最基本理论。主要的竞争模型容易解释他们的辐射特性,如多波长脉冲形状和光谱和基本的物理过程,如对创建和辐射机制进行了仔细检查。由于最近在最大规模的数值模拟方面取得的进展,一个全球性的但仍然相当定性的画面慢慢出现。然而,关于脉冲星磁层的考虑仍然是推测性的。例如,磁层等离子体的确切成分尚不清楚。它是仅仅充满了$e^\pm$ ~轻子的混合物,还是含有不可忽略的质子和/或离子?事实上,它是几乎完全充满或大部分是空的,除了一些小的轶事等离子体填充区域?对这些问题的回答将强烈地引导磁层的描述到看似矛盾的结果,有时导致不一致。尽管如此,帐户给出的最新发展,在脉冲星磁层和风理论,存在一个可能的电层和物理洞察力从相关的多波长脉冲发射的观测特征。

英文摘要:

Neutron stars are fascinating astrophysical objects immersed in strong gravitational and electromagnetic fields, at the edge of our current theories. These stars manifest themselves mostly as pulsars, emitting a timely very stable and regular electromagnetic signal. Even though discovered almost fifty years ago, they still remain mysterious compact stellar objects. In this review, we summarize the most fundamental theoretical aspects of neutron star magnetospheres and winds. The main competing models susceptible to explain their radiative properties like multi-wavelength pulse shapes and spectra and the underlying physical processes such as pair creation and radiation mechanisms are scrutinized. A global but still rather qualitative picture emerges slowly thanks to recent advances in numerical simulations on the largest scales. However considerations about pulsar magnetospheres remain speculative. For instance the exact composition of the magnetospheric plasma is not yet known. Is it solely filled with a mixture of $e^\pm$~leptons, or does it contain a non negligible fraction of protons and/or ions? Actually, is it almost entirely filled or mostly empty except for some small anecdotal plasma filled regions? Answers to these questions will strongly direct the description of the magnetosphere to seemingly contradictory results leading sometimes to inconsistencies. Nevertheless, account are given to the latest developments in the theory of pulsar magnetospheres and winds, the existence of a possible electrosphere and physical insight obtained from related observational signatures of multi-wavelength pulsed emission.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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