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arXiv 1608.04421astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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从粒子数III .1种子形成超大质量黑洞。I.宇宙形成历史与成团性质

The Formation of Supermassive Black Holes from Population III.1 Seeds. I. Cosmic Formation Histories and Clustering Properties

Nilanjan Banik, Jonathan C. Tan, Pierluigi Monaco

摘要:

我们计算宇宙分布在空间和时间的形成地点的第一个,“流行III.1”恒星,探索一个模型,其中这些是所有超大质量黑洞(SMBHs)的祖先,看到在大多数大型星系的中心。Pop III.1恒星被定义为由暗物质微晕中的原始成分气体形成,微晕中的$\sim10^6\:M_\odot$与邻近的天体物理源隔离一个给定的隔离距离$d_{\rm{iso}}$。我们假设Pop III.1源是SMBH的种子,基于暗物质湮灭加热的原恒星支持,使它们能够吸积大部分的微晕气体,即,$\sim10^5\:M_\odot$。从$10 - 100\:\rm{kpc}$(适当距离)出发,探索$d_{\rm{iso}}$,预测了Pop III.1源和SMBH剩余数密度的红移演化. SMBH的局部$z=0$密度约束了$d_{\rm{iso}}\lesssim 100\:\rm{kpc}$(即,$3\:\rm{Mpc}$在$z\simeq30$处的共移动距离)。在我们模拟的($\sim60\:\rm{Mpc}$)$^3$共动体积中,Pop III.1恒星在$z=40$之后开始形成。它们的形成基本上是由PDMATHAMBMX到PDMATHAMBMY,由$d_{\rm{iso}}=100$到$50\:\rm{kpc}$完成的。我们遵循源演化到$z=10$,此时大多数SMBH与$\gtrsim10^8\:M_\odot$一起存在于晕中。在此期间,对于$d_{\rm{iso}}$的这些值,SMBH的合并相对有限。我们还预测在$z=10$ SMBH聚类属性:反馈抑制相邻源导致相对平坦的角度相关函数。

英文摘要:

We calculate cosmic distributions in space and time of the formation sites of the first, "Pop III.1" stars, exploring a model in which these are the progenitors of all supermassive black holes (SMBHs), seen in the centers of most large galaxies. Pop III.1 stars are defined to form from primordial composition gas in dark matter minihalos with $\sim10^6\:M_\odot$ that are isolated from neighboring astrophysical sources by a given isolation distance, $d_{\rm{iso}}$. We assume Pop III.1 sources are seeds of SMBHs, based on protostellar support by dark matter annihilation heating that allows them to accrete a large fraction of their minihalo gas, i.e., $\sim10^5\:M_\odot$. Exploring $d_{\rm{iso}}$ from $10 - 100\:\rm{kpc}$ (proper distances), we predict the redshift evolution of Pop III.1 source and SMBH remnant number densities. The local, $z=0$ density of SMBHs constrains $d_{\rm{iso}}\lesssim 100\:\rm{kpc}$ (i.e., $3\:\rm{Mpc}$ comoving distance at $z\simeq30$). In our simulated ($\sim60\:\rm{Mpc}$)$^3$ comoving volume, Pop III.1 stars start forming just after $z=40$. Their formation is largely complete by $z\simeq25$ to $20$ for $d_{\rm{iso}}=100$ to $50\:\rm{kpc}$. We follow source evolution to $z=10$, by which point most SMBHs reside in halos with $\gtrsim10^8\:M_\odot$. Over this period, there is relatively limited merging of SMBHs for these values of $d_{\rm{iso}}$. We also predict SMBH clustering properties at $z=10$: feedback suppression of neighboring sources leads to relatively flat angular correlation functions.

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