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arXiv 1608.04341stat.APstat.ME
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处理效应的部分识别

Partial Identification of Treatment Effects for Generalizability

Wendy Chan

摘要:

最近的方法,以改善推广从非随机样本通常调用假设,如强的可重复性的样本选择,往往是有争议的,在实践中获得点估计。而不是专注于点估计为基础的推断,本文认为部分确定的估计,从更少和更弱的假设推断。我们通过在教育中使用聚类随机试验,将部分识别方法扩展到非随机样本的因果推广。在四种情况下推导出群体平均处理效应的界,两种情况下未对数据进行假设,两种情况下假设样本变异和响应单调性有界。该方法适用于纳入群体数据框架,以收紧群体平均处理效应的界限。在有限样本变异和单调性的假设下,平均处理效应的区间估计值提供了足够的信息范围,以排除大的处理效应,这与实验研究的点估计值一致。这说明,部分识别方法可以提供一个替代的视角,因果概括的样本选择的强可验证性的情况下。

英文摘要:

Recent methods to improve generalizations from nonrandom samples typically invoke assumptions such as the strong ignorability of sample selection that are often controversial in practice to derive point estimates. Rather than focus on the point estimate based inferences, this article considers inferences on partially identified estimates from fewer and weaker assumptions. We extend partial identification methods to causal generalization with nonrandom samples by using a cluster randomized trial in education. Bounds on the population average treatment effect are derived under four cases, two under no assumptions on the data, and two that assume bounded sample variation and monotonicity of response. This approach is amenable to incorporating population data frames to tighten bounds on the population average treatment effect. Under the assumptions of bounded sample variation and monotonicity, the interval estimates of the average treatment effect provide sufficiently informative bounds to rule out large treatment effects, which are consistent with the point estimates from the experimental study. This illustrates that partial identification methods can provide an alternative perspective to causal generalization in the absence of strong ignorability of sample selection.

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