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arXiv 1608.03017cs.DS
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约束满足问题的测试方法

Testing Assignments to Constraint Satisfaction Problems

Hubie Chen, Matt Valeriote, Yuichi Yoshida

摘要:

对于有限关系结构A,令CSP(A)表示其约束关系取自A的CSP实例。由此产生的问题族CSP(A)在各种计算环境中被大量考虑。在本文中,我们从属性测试的角度来考虑这个家族:给定CSP的实例和对赋值的查询访问,人们想要决定赋值是否满足实例,或者远非如此。虽然以前的作品在这种情况下研究具体的模板或限制类的结构,本文提出了全面的分类定理。我们的第一个贡献是一个二分法定理,它完全刻画了结构A,使得CSP(A)是常数查询可测试的:(i)如果A具有多数多态性和Maltsev多态性,则CSP(A)是常数查询可测试的,具有单侧错误。(ii)否则,测试CSP(A)需要超级恒定数量的查询。令$\exists$ CSP(A)表示CSP(A)到可包括存在量化变量的实例的扩展。我们的第二个贡献是根据测试分配给$\exists$ CSP(A)实例所需的查询数量对所有结构A进行分类,具有单侧错误。更具体地说,我们展示了以下的剖分:(i)如果A具有多数多态性和Maltsev多态性,则$\exists$ CSP(A)是具有单侧误差的常数查询可测试的。(ii)否则,如果A对于某些$k \geq 2$具有$(k + 1)$ -ary近似多态性,并且没有Maltsev多态性,则$\exists$ CSP(A)不是恒定查询可测试的(即使具有双侧误差),而是具有单侧误差的子线性查询可测试的。(iii)否则,测试具有单侧误差的$\exists$ CSP(A)需要线性数量的查询。

英文摘要:

For a finite relational structure A, let CSP(A) denote the CSP instances whose constraint relations are taken from A. The resulting family of problems CSP(A) has been considered heavily in a variety of computational contexts. In this article, we consider this family from the perspective of property testing: given an instance of a CSP and query access to an assignment, one wants to decide whether the assignment satisfies the instance, or is far from so doing. While previous works on this scenario studied concrete templates or restricted classes of structures, this article presents comprehensive classification theorems. Our first contribution is a dichotomy theorem completely characterizing the structures A such that CSP(A) is constant-query testable: (i) If A has a majority polymorphism and a Maltsev polymorphism, then CSP(A) is constant-query testable with one-sided error. (ii) Else, testing CSP(A) requires a super-constant number of queries. Let $\exists$CSP(A) denote the extension of CSP(A) to instances which may include existentially quantified variables. Our second contribution is to classify all structures A in terms of the number of queries needed to test assignments to instances of $\exists$CSP(A), with one-sided error. More specifically, we show the following trichotomy: (i) If A has a majority polymorphism and a Maltsev polymorphism, then $\exists$CSP(A) is constant-query testable with one-sided error. (ii) Else, if A has a $(k + 1)$-ary near-unanimity polymorphism for some $k \geq 2$, and no Maltsev polymorphism then $\exists$CSP(A) is not constant-query testable (even with two-sided error) but is sublinear-query testable with one-sided error. (iii) Else, testing $\exists$CSP(A) with one-sided error requires a linear number of queries.

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