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arXiv 1608.02302astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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类星体的极紫外光变

The Extreme Ultraviolet Variability of Quasars

Brian Punsly, Paola Marziani, Shaohua Zhang, Sowgat Muzahid, Christopher P. O'Dea

摘要:

利用HST(low-to intermediate redshift sample)和SDSS(high-redshift sample)档案研究了高光度类星体的极紫外(EUV)光变(静止帧波长500 - 920 $Å$)。HST和SDSS的组合数据表明,当类星体静止框架中的观测之间的采样时间为$> 2\times 10^{7}$秒时,与$< 1.5\times 10^{7}$秒相比,变化性要明显得多。基于超方差分析,对于类星体静止框架中的时间间隔$< 2\times 10^{7}$ sec,类星体(4/40)的$10\%$显示出EUV变化的证据。类似地,在类星体静止坐标系中的时间间隔为$>2\times 10^{7}$秒,类星体(21/38)的$55\%$显示出极紫外光变化的证据。$2.5\times 10^{7}$ sec和$3.16\times 10^{7}$ sec(1年)之间的变异性倾向未显示任何统计学显著性变化。时间行为是显著变化的阈值时间间隔之一,而不是在这些时间尺度上逐渐增加。阈值时间尺度可以指示EUV区域的特征空间维度。我们探讨这一概念的背景下,细长盘模型的吸积。我们发现,对于快速旋转的黑洞,径向下落时间的超薄磁盘的光学薄表面层的暴跌区域,负责的EUV通量发射的优势(主要是在0 - 7黑洞半径从磁盘的内边缘)是一致的经验确定的变化时间尺度。

英文摘要:

We study the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) variability (rest frame wavelengths 500 - 920 $Å$) of high luminosity quasars using HST (low to intermediate redshift sample) and SDSS (high redshift sample) archives. The combined HST and SDSS data indicates a much more pronounced variability when the sampling time between observations in the quasar rest frame is $> 2\times 10^{7}$ sec compared to $< 1.5\times 10^{7}$ sec. Based on an excess variance analysis, for time intervals $< 2\times 10^{7}$ sec in the quasar rest frame, $10\%$ of the quasars (4/40) show evidence of EUV variability. Similarly, for time intervals $>2\times 10^{7}$ sec in the quasar rest frame, $55\%$ of the quasars (21/38) show evidence of EUV variability. The propensity for variability does not show any statistically significant change between $2.5\times 10^{7}$ sec and $3.16\times 10^{7}$ sec (1 yr). The temporal behavior is one of a threshold time interval for significant variability as opposed to a gradual increase on these time scales. A threshold time scale can indicate a characteristic spatial dimension of the EUV region. We explore this concept in the context of the slim disk models of accretion. We find that for rapidly spinning black holes, the radial infall time to the plunge region of the optically thin surface layer of the slim disk that is responsible for the preponderance of the EUV flux emission (primarily within 0 - 7 black hole radii from the inner edge of the disk) is consistent with the empirically determined variability time scale.

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