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arXiv 1607.08545hep-th
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盒子里的马约拉纳费米子

Majorana Fermions in a Box

M. H. Al-Hashimi, A. M. Shalaby, U. -J. Wiese

摘要:

马约拉纳费米子动力学可能出现在Kitaev线或超导体的边缘。或者,它可以通过使用光晶格中的捕获离子或超冷原子作为量子模拟器来设计。这激发了马约拉纳费米子的理论研究局限于一个有限的体积,其边界条件的特点是自伴扩展参数。虽然在$(1+1)$ -d中狄拉克费米子的边界条件由自伴扩张的单参数族$λ= - λ^*$表征,但对于马约拉纳费米子,$λ$仅限于$\pm i$。在此基础上,我们计算了被限制在一维区间内的Majorana费米子的频谱。将Dirac费米子的边界条件限制在三维空间中,得到了一个4参数自伴扩张族,而Majorana费米子的边界条件则化为两个不同的1参数自伴扩张族.我们还考虑了与量子力学解释的马约拉纳方程作为一个单粒子方程的问题。此外,该方程与不受这些问题困扰的相对论性薛定谔方程有关。

英文摘要:

Majorana fermion dynamics may arise at the edge of Kitaev wires or superconductors. Alternatively, it can be engineered by using trapped ions or ultracold atoms in an optical lattice as quantum simulators. This motivates the theoretical study of Majorana fermions confined to a finite volume, whose boundary conditions are characterized by self-adjoint extension parameters. While the boundary conditions for Dirac fermions in $(1+1)$-d are characterized by a 1-parameter family, $λ= - λ^*$, of self-adjoint extensions, for Majorana fermions $λ$ is restricted to $\pm i$. Based on this result, we compute the frequency spectrum of Majorana fermions confined to a 1-d interval. The boundary conditions for Dirac fermions confined to a 3-d region of space are characterized by a 4-parameter family of self-adjoint extensions, which is reduced to two distinct 1-parameter families for Majorana fermions. We also consider the problems related to the quantum mechanical interpretation of the Majorana equation as a single-particle equation. Furthermore, the equation is related to a relativistic Schrödinger equation that does not suffer from these problems.

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