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arXiv 1607.07447astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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r过程星系网室II中九颗恒星的全元素丰度

Complete element abundances of nine stars in the r-process galaxy Reticulum II

Alexander P. Ji, Anna Frebel, Joshua D. Simon, Anirudh Chiti

摘要:

我们目前的化学丰度来自高分辨率的麦哲伦/MIKE光谱的9个最明亮的已知红巨星成员的超微弱矮星系网状II。这些恒星的金属丰度范围都在Ret II的范围内(-3.5 < [Fe/H] < -2)。九颗恒星中有七颗具有极高的r-过程物质([Eu/Fe]~1.7),与迄今为止研究的其他超微弱矮星系中发现的极低的中子捕获元素丰度形成对比。另外两颗恒星是系统中最贫金属的恒星([Fe/H] < -3),它们的中子捕获元素丰度极限与其他超暗矮星系相似。我们确认,Sr,Y,Zr在这些恒星的相对丰度是类似的r-过程晕星,但~0.5德克斯低于太阳r-过程模式。如果普遍的r-过程模式延伸到这些元素,那么Ret II中的恒星显示出最少污染的已知r-过程模式。在铁峰之前,较轻元素的丰度与晕和其他超暗矮星系中恒星的丰度相似。然而,丰度比的分散度足够大,表明需要不均匀的金属混合来解释这个星系的化学演化。在其他超暗矮星系中存在少量的中子捕获元素,这可能意味着除了Ret II中的r-过程元素源之外,还存在额外的r-过程站点。类似银河系的Ret II可能是现在在晕中发现的r-过程增强恒星的原始诞生地。

英文摘要:

We present chemical abundances derived from high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectra of the nine brightest known red giant members of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II. These stars span the full metallicity range of Ret II (-3.5 < [Fe/H] < -2). Seven of the nine stars have extremely high levels of r-process material ([Eu/Fe]~1.7), in contrast to the extremely low neutron-capture element abundances found in every other ultra-faint dwarf galaxy studied to date. The other two stars are the most metal-poor stars in the system ([Fe/H] < -3), and they have neutron-capture element abundance limits similar to those in other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. We confirm that the relative abundances of Sr, Y, and Zr in these stars are similar to those found in r-process halo stars but ~0.5 dex lower than the solar r-process pattern. If the universal r-process pattern extends to those elements, the stars in Ret II display the least contaminated known r-process pattern. The abundances of lighter elements up to the iron peak are otherwise similar to abundances of stars in the halo and in other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. However, the scatter in abundance ratios is large enough to suggest that inhomogeneous metal mixing is required to explain the chemical evolution of this galaxy. The presence of low amounts of neutron-capture elements in other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies may imply the existence of additional r-process sites besides the source of r-process elements in Ret II. Galaxies like Ret II may be the original birth sites of r-process enhanced stars now found in the halo.

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