关于Kottler的道路：引力和电动力学中预度规的起源和演变
On Kottler's path: origin and evolution of the premetric program in gravity and in electrodynamics
摘要：
1922年，Kottler提出了将引力势（时空的度规）从物理学基本方程中尽可能删除的方案。他成功地将这一思想应用于牛顿的引力静力学和麦克斯韦的电动力学，其中Kottler以预度量形式改写了场方程，并指定了一个依赖于度量的本构律。我们将讨论预度量方法的基础知识及其一些美丽的结果，如将普适常数分为两类。我们表明，经典电动力学可以开发没有一个度量相当直截了当：麦克斯韦方程组，连同一个本地和线性的电磁介质响应定律，承认一个一致的premetric制定。科特勒的计划在这里成功了，没有附带条件。在柯特勒的引力理论中，使理论成为相对论性的，两个预度规准麦克斯韦场方程出现了，但它们的场变量，如果用广义相对论来解释，确实依赖于度规。然而，人们可以希望通过使用等同于广义相对论的遥平行性来实现Kottler的想法，在那里，引力势，即上框架，可以以预定的方式选择。
英文摘要：
In 1922, Kottler put forward the program to remove the gravitational potential, the metric of spacetime, from the fundamental equations in physics as far as possible. He successfully applied this idea to Newton's gravitostatics and to Maxwell's electrodynamics, where Kottler recast the field equations in premetric form and specified a metric-dependent constitutive law. We will discuss the basics of the premetric approach and some of its beautiful consequences, like the division of universal constants into two classes. We show that classical electrodynamics can be developed without a metric quite straightforwardly: the Maxwell equations, together with a local and linear response law for electromagnetic media, admit a consistent premetric formulation. Kottler's program succeeds here without provisos. In Kottler's approach to gravity, making the theory relativistic, two premetric quasi-Maxwellian field equations arise, but their field variables, if interpreted in terms of general relativity, do depend on the metric. However, one can hope to bring the Kottler idea to work by using the teleparallelism equivalent of general relativity, where the gravitational potential, the coframe, can be chosen in a premetric way.
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