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arXiv 1607.05263astro-ph.EP
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K2前五大领域197颗候选行星和104颗已验证行星

197 Candidates and 104 Validated Planets in K2's First Five Fields

Ian J. M. Crossfield, David R. Ciardi, Erik A. Petigura, Evan Sinukoff, Joshua E. Schlieder, Andrew W. Howard, Charles A. Beichman, Howard Isaacson, Courtney D.… 展开作者

Ian J. M. Crossfield, David R. Ciardi, Erik A. Petigura, Evan Sinukoff, Joshua E. Schlieder, Andrew W. Howard, Charles A. Beichman, Howard Isaacson, Courtney D. Dressing, Jessie L. Christiansen, Benjamin J. Fulton, Sébastien Lépine, Lauren Weiss, Lea Hirsch, John Livingston, Christoph Baranec, Nicholas M. Law, Reed Riddle, Carl Ziegler, Steve B. Howell, Elliott Horch, Mark Everett, Johanna Teske, Arturo O. Martinez, Christian Obermeier, Björn Benneke, Nic Scott, Niall Deacon, Kimberly M. Aller, Brad M. S. Hansen, Luigi Mancini, Simona Ciceri, Rafael Brahm, Andrés Jordán, Heather A. Knutson, Thomas Henning, Michaël Bonnefoy, Michael C. Liu, Justin R. Crepp, Joshua Lothringer, Phil Hinz, Vanessa Bailey, Andrew Skemer, Denis Defrere

摘要:

我们提出了197颗行星候选人,这些候选人是使用NASA K2任务第一年(战役0-4)的数据发现的,以及光度分析,恒星光谱学,高分辨率成像和统计验证的密集计划的结果。我们将这些候选者提炼成104个经过验证的行星(多行星系统中有57个),30个误报和63个剩余候选者。我们验证的系统跨越了一系列的属性,与R_P = 2.3 R_E,P=8.6 d,Tef = 5300 K,和Kp=12.7 MAG的中值。恒星光谱学提供了精确的恒星和行星参数的大多数这些系统。我们发现K2增加了30%已知的围绕中等亮度恒星(1-4 R_E,Kp=9-13等)运行的小行星的数量。特别令人感兴趣的是37颗小于2 R_E的行星,15颗比Kp=11.5亮的轨道恒星,5颗接受类似地球的辐射水平,以及几个多行星系统-包括4颗在平均运动共振附近绕M矮星K2-72运行的行星。通过量化每个候选者是行星的可能性,我们证明了我们的候选者样本具有15- 30%的总体假阳性率,小候选者(< 2 R_E)的假阳性率显著降低,半径> 8 R_E和/或P < 3 d的候选者的假阳性率较大。对目前行星产量的推断表明,K2将在其计划的四年任务中发现500-1000颗行星-假设有足够的后续资源可用。有效的观测和分析,以及有组织和连贯的后续战略,对于K2,TESS和未来大规模调查的行星验证工作的效率最大化至关重要。

英文摘要:

We present 197 planet candidates discovered using data from the first year of the NASA K2 mission (Campaigns 0-4), along with the results of an intensive program of photometric analyses, stellar spectroscopy, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation. We distill these candidates into sets of 104 validated planets (57 in multi-planet systems), 30 false positives, and 63 remaining candidates. Our validated systems span a range of properties, with median values of R_P = 2.3 R_E, P=8.6 d, Tef = 5300 K, and Kp=12.7 mag. Stellar spectroscopy provides precise stellar and planetary parameters for most of these systems. We show that K2 has increased by 30% the number of small planets known to orbit moderately bright stars (1-4 R_E, Kp=9-13 mag). Of particular interest are 37 planets smaller than 2 R_E, 15 orbiting stars brighter than Kp=11.5, five receiving Earth-like irradiation levels, and several multi-planet systems -- including four planets orbiting the M dwarf K2-72 near mean-motion resonances. By quantifying the likelihood that each candidate is a planet we demonstrate that our candidate sample has an overall false positive rate of 15-30%, with rates substantially lower for small candidates (< 2 R_E) and larger for candidates with radii > 8 R_E and/or with P < 3 d. Extrapolation of the current planetary yield suggests that K2 will discover between 500-1000 planets in its planned four-year mission -- assuming sufficient follow-up resources are available. Efficient observing and analysis, together with an organized and coherent follow-up strategy, is essential to maximize the efficacy of planet-validation efforts for K2, TESS, and future large-scale surveys.

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