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arXiv 1607.04849cs.ITmath.IT
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安全组测试

Secure Group Testing

Alejandro Cohen, Asaf Cohen, Omer Gurewitz

摘要:

分组测试(GT)的主要目标是通过将项目分组到尽可能少的测试池中,从大量的“有缺陷”项目中识别出一小部分。如果池中包含至少一个缺陷项,则池的测试结果为阳性,否则为阴性。GT算法被用于许多应用中,并且在其中许多应用中,保持测试项目的隐私,即,保持它们是否有缺陷的秘密是至关重要的。在本文中,我们考虑的情况下,有一个窃听者(夏娃)谁是能够观察到的GT结果(池)的一个子集。基于信息论原理,提出了一种新的非自适应安全组测试(SGT)方案。新提出的测试设计使窃听者对物品的状态一无所知。具体而言,当夏娃观察到的测试的分数是$0 \leq δ<1$,我们证明了与天真的最大似然(ML)解码算法的正确重建在合法用户(具有高概率)和可以忽略的信息泄漏到夏娃所需的测试的数量是$\frac{1}{1-δ}$倍的测试数量,没有保密约束的固定$K$制度。通过一个匹配的逆,我们完全刻画了安全GT容量。此外,我们认为绝对非缺陷(DND)计算效率高的解码算法,在文献中提出的非安全GT。我们证明了新的安全测试设计,$δ< 1/2$,所需的测试数量,没有任何约束$K$,是最多$\frac{1}{1/2-δ}$倍的测试数量,没有保密约束。

英文摘要:

The principal goal of Group Testing (GT) is to identify a small subset of "defective" items from a large population, by grouping items into as few test pools as possible. The test outcome of a pool is positive if it contains at least one defective item, and is negative otherwise. GT algorithms are utilized in numerous applications, and in many of them maintaining the privacy of the tested items, namely, keeping secret whether they are defective or not, is critical. In this paper, we consider a scenario where there is an eavesdropper (Eve) who is able to observe a subset of the GT outcomes (pools). We propose a new non-adaptive Secure Group Testing (SGT) scheme based on information-theoretic principles. The new proposed test design keeps the eavesdropper ignorant regarding the items' status. Specifically, when the fraction of tests observed by Eve is $0 \leq δ<1$, we prove that with the naive Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding algorithm the number of tests required for both correct reconstruction at the legitimate user (with high probability) and negligible information leakage to Eve is $\frac{1}{1-δ}$ times the number of tests required with no secrecy constraint for the fixed $K$ regime. By a matching converse, we completely characterize the Secure GT capacity. Moreover, we consider the Definitely Non-Defective (DND) computationally efficient decoding algorithm, proposed in the literature for non-secure GT. We prove that with the new secure test design, for $δ< 1/2$, the number of tests required, without any constraint on $K$, is at most $\frac{1}{1/2-δ}$ times the number of tests required with no secrecy constraint.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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