双星中子星合并：爱因斯坦最富有的实验室的回顾
Binary neutron-star mergers: a review of Einstein's richest laboratory
摘要：
中子星双星系统的合并在一个单一的过程中结合在一起：极端的引力，大量的引力波发射，复杂的微观物理，以及电磁过程，这些过程可以导致在最大红移处可观察到的天体物理特征。在这里，我们回顾了最近的进展，了解什么可以被认为是爱因斯坦最富有的实验室，特别强调了过去十年的许多重大进展。虽然特别注意的是完全广义相对论动力学模拟的模型，技术和结果的状态，还提供了初始数据和先进的模拟重力近似处理的审查。最后，我们回顾了大量的工作进行后合并阶段，包括：黑洞的形成，环面吸积到合并的紧凑对象，连接与伽马射线暴引擎，喷射的材料，和它的核合成。
英文摘要：
The merger of binary neutron-stars systems combines in a single process: extreme gravity, copious emission of gravitational waves, complex microphysics, and electromagnetic processes that can lead to astrophysical signatures observable at the largest redshifts. We review here the recent progress in understanding what could be considered Einstein's richest laboratory, highlighting in particular the numerous significant advances of the last decade. Although special attention is paid to the status of models, techniques, and results for fully general-relativistic dynamical simulations, a review is also offered on initial data and advanced simulations with approximate treatments of gravity. Finally, we review the considerable amount of work carried out on the post-merger phase, including: black-hole formation, torus accretion onto the merged compact object, connection with gamma-ray burst engines, ejected material, and its nucleosynthesis.
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