在实验室中探测中子星物质：双星并合与重离子碰撞之间的相似性与差异
Probing neutron-star matter in the lab: similarities and differences between binary mergers and heavy-ion collisions
AI总结：
本研究通过数值比较双中子星并合与重离子碰撞的热力学条件，发现 $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=0.4 - 0.6\\ A$ MeV 能量范围的低能重离子碰撞能重现双中子星并合中的热致密物质状态。
摘要：
双中子星并合与重离子碰撞通过这些极端事件中形成的热而致密核物质的性质联系在一起。特别是，低能重离子碰撞为在实验室中重现此类极端条件提供了令人兴奋的前景。然而，这些碰撞能在多大程度上实际重现双中子星并合中形成的热而致密物质，仍有待探索。作为理解这些系统之间相似性和差异的一种方式，我们讨论了它们的几何形状，并对两种碰撞中探测到的热力学条件进行了直接的数值比较。为了实现直接比较，我们采用了能够描述量子色动力学整个高能相图的有限温度状态方程。通过将两个系统的演化并排放置，我们发现，在 $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=0.4 - 0.6\\ A$ MeV 能量范围内的实验室重离子碰撞，探测到的物质（热力学）状态与双中子星并合中产生的状态非常相似。这些结果可为未来探测该区域的低能重离子碰撞提供参考。
英文摘要：
Binary neutron-star mergers and heavy-ion collisions are related through the properties of the hot and dense nuclear matter formed during these extreme events. In particular, low-energy heavy-ion collisions offer exciting prospects to recreate such {extreme} conditions in the laboratory. However, it remains unexplored to what degree those collisions can actually reproduce hot and dense matter formed in binary neutron star mergers. As a way to understand similarities and differences between these systems, we {discuss their geometry and }perform a direct numerical comparison of the thermodynamic conditions probed in both collisions. To enable a direct comparison, we employ a finite-temperature equation of state able to describe the entire high-energy phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics. Putting side by side the evolution of both systems, we find that laboratory heavy-ion collisions at the energy range of $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=0.4 - 0.6\ A$ MeV probe (thermodynamic) states of matter that are very similar to those created in binary neutron-star mergers. These results can inform future low-energy heavy-ion collisions probing this regime.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
