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arXiv 1607.02747astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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作为IGM探针的γ暴

GRBs as Probes of the IGM

A. Cucchiara, T. Totani, N. R. Tanvir

摘要:

伽马射线暴(GRB)是已知的最强大的爆炸,能够在其短暂的瞬发期间使天空中的其他伽玛射线黯然失色。它们的宇宙学性质使它们成为探索最高红移的超大质量恒星生命最后阶段的最佳工具。此外,通过快速光谱学研究它们的低能对应物(光学和红外)的发射,我们已经能够确定最遥远星系的确切位置,并在低和高红移(例如金属丰度和中性氢分数)下对其宿主星系和介入系统进行严格限制。事实上,每一个伽玛暴光谱都包含着由主星际介质(ISM)以及沿视线的居间星系际介质(IGM)中的金属所留下的吸收特征。在这一章中,我们总结了在理解这些吸收剂的性质和如何GRB可以用来研究早期宇宙,特别是测量中性氢的分数和逃逸分数的紫外光子之前和期间的再电离时代的GRB光谱的大型数据集所取得的进展。

英文摘要:

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions known, capable of outshining the rest of gamma-ray sky during their short-lived prompt emission. Their cosmological nature makes them the best tool to explore the final stages in the lives of very massive stars up to the highest redshifts. Furthermore, studying the emission from their low-energy counterparts (optical and infrared) via rapid spectroscopy, we have been able to pin down the exact location of the most distant galaxies as well as placing stringent constraints on their host galaxies and intervening systems at low and high-redshift (e.g. metallicity and neutral hydrogen fraction). In fact, each GRB spectrum contains absorption features imprinted by metals in the host interstellar medium (ISM) as well as the intervening intergalactic medium (IGM) along the line of sight. In this chapter we summarize the progress made using a large dataset of GRB spectra in understanding the nature of both these absorbers and how GRBs can be used to study the early Universe, in particular to measure the neutral hydrogen fraction and the escape fraction of UV photons before and during the epoch of re-ionization.

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