The intrinsic X-ray emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) is often found to be absorbed over and above the column density through our own galaxy. The extra component is usually assumed to be due to absorbing gas lying within the host galaxy of the GRB itself. There is an apparent correlation between the equivalent column density of hydrogen, N(H,intrinsic) (assuming it to be at the GRB redshift), and redshift, z, with the few z>6 GRBs showing the greatest intrinsic column densities. We investigate the N(H,intrinsic) - z relation using a large sample of Swift GRBs, as well as active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasar samples, paying particular attention to the spectral energy distributions of the two highest redshift GRBs. Various possible sample biases and systematics that might produce such a correlation are considered, and we conclude that the correlation is very likely to be real. This may indicate either an evolutionary effect in the host galaxy properties, or a contribution from gas along the line-of-sight, in the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM) or intervening absorbing clouds. Employing a more realistic model for IGM absorption than in previous works, we find that this may explain much of the observed opacity at z>~3 providing it is not too hot, likely between 10^5 K and 10^6.5 K, and moderately metal enriched, Z~0.2 Z_sun. This material could therefore constitute the Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium. However, a comparable level of absorption is also expected from the cumulative effect of intervening cold gas clouds, and given current uncertainties it is not possible to say which, if either, dominates. At lower redshifts, we conclude that gas in the host galaxies must be the dominant contributor to the observed X-ray absorption.
Redshift estimates for fast radio bursts and implications on intergalactic magnetic fields
背景:快速射电暴是来自银河系外致密恒星源的瞬时射电脉冲。随着新望远镜每天探测到多个事件,需要统计方法来解释观测结果,并就天体物理学和宇宙学问题作出推论。目的:我们提出了一种使用快速射电暴可观测值的概率估计来获得基础模型的似然估计的方法。方法:考虑模型的所有区域沿视线,包括居间星系,我们执行蒙特卡罗模拟估计的色散措施,旋转措施和时间展宽的分布。使用贝叶斯统计,我们比较这些预测观测的快速射电暴。结果:应用贝叶斯定理,得到了河外DM $\gtrsim 400$ pc cm $^{-3}$的快速射电暴红移的下限。我们发现,干预星系不能占所有高度分散的快速射电暴在FRBcat,因此需要一个更密集和更动荡的环境比SGR 1935+2154类磁星。我们表明,$\gtrsim 10^3$非定域快速射电暴与相关的河外RM $\geq 1$拉德$^{-2}$的样本可以提高星系际磁场的强度的电流上限。
Locating the missing baryons in the warm-hot intergalactic medium with fast radio bursts and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University(南京大学天文与空间科学学院);Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education(教育部现代天文与天体物理重点实验室(南京大学));Department of Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学物理科学学院天文学系);Center for Cosmology and Computational Astrophysics, Zhejiang University(浙江大学宇宙学与计算天体物理中心)
A stochastic forward model for the intergalactic dispersion-measure distribution of Fast Radio Bursts
University of Cape Town(开普敦大学);African Institute for Mathematical Sciences(非洲数学科学研究所);National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS)(国家理论与计算科学研究所);Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto(欧罗普雷图联邦大学);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste(意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台);IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe(宇宙基础物理研究所);Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo(圣埃斯皮里图联邦大学)
Impact of Observational and Modelling Assumptions on Intergalactic Magnetic Field Constraints from TeV Gamma-Ray Bursts with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM(巴黎萨克雷大学,巴黎西岱大学,法国原子能委员会,法国国家科学研究中心,天体物理学与宇宙微波背景研究组)
Estimates of Fast Radio Burst Dispersion Measures from Cosmological Simulations
本文计算了星系际介质对快速射电暴(FRB)色散测度的贡献。我们使用MareNostrum Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio(MICE)Onion Universe模拟(Fosalba et al. 2008)来跟踪暗物质粒子密度在大范围红移上的演化。我们将暗物质粒子数密度转换为相应的自由电子密度,然后将其积分,以找到作为红移函数的DM。这种方法得到的星系际DM为$\rm DM_{\rm IGM}(z = 1) = 800^{+7000}_{-170}$ pc cm $^{-3}$,大的误差代表IGM中的结构。我们对当前观测到的FRB的红移进行了限制。我们还使用我们的结果来估计第一个中继器FRB 121102的宿主星系对DM的贡献,并表明最可能的宿主星系DM贡献$\rm DM_{\rm host} \approx 310$ pc cm $^{-3}$与使用宿主星系光谱中的巴耳末发射线$\rm DM_{\rm Balmer} = 324$ pc cm $^{-3}$(Tendulkar et al. 2017)的估计一致。我们还比较了我们对FRB 180924(Bannister et al. 2019)和FRB 190523(Ravi et al. 2019)观测的宿主星系对DM贡献的预测,这两个星系都被定位到宿主星系。
Dense magnetized plasma associated with a fast radio burst
快速射电暴是明亮的、无法分辨的、不重复的、宽带的毫秒级闪光,主要在银河系高纬度地区发现,其色散测量值比银河系源的预期值大得多。推测的全天爆发率与红移0.5的核心坍缩超新星率相当。如果观测到的色散测量被假设为主要由星系际介质,则源位于宇宙学距离,红移为0.2至1。这些参数与广泛的源模型一致。一个快速射电暴显示出射电辐射的圆偏振[21(7)%],但没有检测到线性偏振,因此无法确定法拉第旋转测量。在这里,我们报告的审查档案数据揭示法拉第旋转在一个新检测到的爆发- FRB 110523。它的无线电通量至少为0.6 Jy,色散测量值为623.30(5)pc cm $^{-3}$。使用银河系的贡献45 pc cm $^{-3}$和星系际电子密度的模型,我们把源的最大红移为0.5。这个爆发的旋转测量值为-186.1(1.4)rad m $^{-2}$,比通过银河系和星系际介质的这条视线所预期的要高得多,表明在源本身附近或在宿主星系内有磁化。脉冲在传播过程中被两个不同的等离子体屏幕散射,这需要与源相关的致密星云或其宿主星系中心区域内的位置。请记住,可能有不止一种类型的快速射电暴源,在这种情况下,源局部磁化和散射的检测有利于涉及年轻的恒星星族,如磁星的模型,涉及合并的老中子星,这是更有可能位于低密度区域的主星系的模型。
Constraints on the intergalactic magnetic field from Fermi-LAT observations of GRB 221009A
University of Hamburg(汉堡大学);Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University(海德堡大学基尔霍夫物理研究所);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(博洛尼亚天文物理与空间科学国家研究所);Universitá di Trieste(的里雅斯特大学);Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste(意大利国家核物理研究所的里雅斯特分部)
通过GRB 221009A的观测,研究利用费米- LAT数据对星际磁场进行限制,得出B < 2.5 x 10^{-17} G的约束。
A repeating fast radio burst associated with a persistent radio source
快速射电暴(FRB)的色散扫描被用来探测星系际介质中的电离重子含量,它被认为是控制总的河外色散的主要因素。虽然主星系的色散措施(DM)的贡献似乎是最FRB的小,在至少一种情况下,有极端的磁离子局部环境和紧凑的持久性射电源的证据。在这里,我们报告的检测和定位的重复FRB 20190520 B,这是一个紧凑的,持久的无线电源,并与矮宿主星系的高比恒星形成率在红移$z=0.241\pm0.001$。估计的宿主星系DM $\approx 903^{+72}_{-111}$ pc cm $^{-3}$,近一个数量级高于平均的FRB宿主星系,远远超过DM的星系际介质的贡献。因此,在没有准确的宿主星系识别的情况下,推断FRB的红移是有必要的。
Pair echo model of CTAO/LST-1 signal from GRB 221009A
Université Paris Cité(巴黎西岱大学);CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie(法国国家科学研究中心,亚原子粒子与宇宙学);Laboratory of Astrophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(洛桑联邦理工学院天体物理学实验室);Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo(东京大学宇宙射线研究所);Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学);CEA, CNRS, AIM(法国原子能委员会,法国国家科学研究中心,天体物理学与分子生物学研究所);Gran Sasso Science Institute(格兰萨索科学研究所);Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sez. Padova(意大利国家核物理研究所,帕多瓦分部);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所,布雷拉天文台)
Multi-TeV $γ$-ray candidates from GRB 221009A: a downturn in the intrinsic $γ$-ray spectrum, an echo of the prompt emission phase, and intergalactic electromagnetic cascades
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences(俄罗斯科学院核物理研究所);Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES)(阿亚巴塔观测科学研究所);Centre for Astro-Particle Physics (CAPP) and Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg(约翰内斯堡大学天体粒子物理中心及物理系);Gran Sasso Science Institute(格兰萨索科学研究所);INFN/Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso(意大利国家核物理研究所/格兰萨索国家实验室);Department of Physics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University(莫斯科罗蒙诺索夫国立大学物理系);Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP MSU)(莫斯科罗蒙诺索夫国立大学斯科别尔辛核物理研究所)
GRB 221009A的高能γ射线候选者检测揭示了内在谱的下降,可能由火球内中子的光电核相互作用产生,随后产生高能回声辐射。