Radio and X-ray observations of galaxy clusters probe a direct link between cluster mergers and giant radio halos (RH), suggesting that these sources can be used as probes of the cluster merging rate with cosmic time. In this paper we carry out an explorative study that combines the observed fractions of merging clusters (fm) and RH (fRH) with the merging rate predicted by cosmological simulations and attempt to infer constraints on merger properties of clusters that appear disturbed in X-rays and of clusters with RH. We use morphological parameters to identify merging systems and analyze the currently largest sample of clusters with radio and X-ray data (M500>6d14 Msun, and 0.2<z<0.33, from the Planck SZ cluster catalogue). We found that in this sample fm~62-67% while fRH~44-51%. The comparison of the theoretical f_m with the observed one allows to constrain the combination (xi_m,tau_m), where xi_m and tau_m are the minimum merger mass ratio and the timescale of merger-induced disturbance. Assuming tau_m~ 2-3 Gyr, as constrained by simulations, we find that the observed f_m matches the theoretical one for xi_m~0.1-0.18. This is consistent with optical and near-IR observations of clusters in the sample (xi_m~0.14-0.16). The fact that RH are found only in a fraction of merging clusters may suggest that merger events generating RH are characterized by larger mass ratio; this seems supported by optical/near-IR observations of RH clusters in the sample (xi_min~0.2-0.25). Alternatively, RH may be generated in all mergers but their lifetime is shorter than τ_m (by ~ fRH/fm). This is an explorative study, however it suggests that follow up studies using the forthcoming radio surveys and adequate numerical simulations have the potential to derive quantitative constraints on the link between cluster merging rate and RH at different cosmic epochs and for different cluster masses.
We report the discovery of a radio halo in the massive merging cluster MACSJ2243.3-0935, as well as a new radio relic candidate, using the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope and the KAT-7 telescope. The radio halo is coincident with the cluster X-ray emission and has a largest linear scale of approximately 0.9 Mpc. We measure a flux density of $10.0\pm 2.0$ mJy at 610 MHz for the radio halo. We discuss equipartition estimates of the cluster magnetic field and constrain the value to be of the order of 1 $μ$G. The relic candidate is detected at the cluster virial radius where a filament meets the c…
We have studied radio haloes and relics in nine merging galaxy clusters using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). The images used for this study were obtained from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA (GLEAM) Survey which was carried out at 5 frequencies, viz. 88, 118, 154, 188 and 215 MHz. We detect diffuse radio emission in 8 of these clusters. We have estimated the spectra of haloes and relics in these clusters over the frequency range 80-1400 MHz; the first such attempt to estimate their spectra at low frequencies. The spectra follow a power law with a mean value of $α= -1.13\pm0.21…
We examine the stellar haloes of the Auriga simulations, a suite of thirty cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical high-resolution simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies performed with the moving-mesh code AREPO. We study halo global properties and radial profiles out to $\sim 150$ kpc for each individual galaxy. The Auriga haloes are diverse in their masses and density profiles; mean metallicity and metallicity gradients; ages; and shapes, reflecting the stochasticity inherent in their accretion and merger histories. A comparison with observations of nearby late-type galaxies shows very good agre…
Dark-matter halo mergers as a fertile environment for low-mass Population III star formation
虽然第三星族恒星通常被认为是大质量的，但当气体的冷却特别增强时，可能存在通往低质量Pop III恒星的路径。一个可能的途径是在暗物质晕合并过程中增强HD冷却。合并可以导致高电离度，催化HD分子的形成，并且可以将气体冷却到宇宙微波背景（CMB）温度。在本文中，我们调查合并的质量为几个10 $^5$ M $_\odot$的迷你晕，并探讨这种情况下的可行性。我们进行了三维宇宙流体动力学计算与ENZO代码，解决了热和化学演化的气体采用天体化学包KROME。我们的研究结果表明，HD的丰度增加了两个数量级相比，没有合并的情况下，晕冷却到$\sim$ 60 K触发碎裂。根据金斯的估计，预期的恒星质量约为10 M $_\odot$。我们的研究结果表明，合并的情况下是一个潜在的途径，形成低质量的恒星。
We present multi-wavelength studies of optically-defined merging clusters, based on the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Luminous red galaxies, tracing cluster mass distributions, enable to identify cluster subhalos at various merging stages, and thus make a homogeneous sample of cluster mergers, which is unbiased with respect to the merger boost of the intracluster medium (ICM). We define, using a peak-finding method, merging clusters with multiple-peaks and single clusters with single-peaks from the CAMIRA cluster catalog. Stacked weak-lensing analysis indicates that our sample of…
Centrally located diffuse radio emission has been observed in both merging and non-merging galaxy clusters. Depending on their morphology and size, we distinguish between giant radio haloes, which occur predominantly in merging clusters, and mini haloes, which are found in non-merging, cool-core clusters. Low-frequency sensitive observations are required to assess whether the emission discovered in these few cases is common in galaxy clusters or not. With this aim, we carried out a campaign of observations with the LOw Frequency ARay (LOFAR) in the frequency range 120 - 168 MHz of nine massive…
We present the study of the internal dynamics of the intriguing galaxy cluster Abell 1703, a system hosting a probable giant radio halo whose dynamical status is still controversial. Our analysis is based on unpublished spectroscopic data acquired at the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and data publicly available in the literature. We also use photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We select 147 cluster members and compute the cluster redshift $\left<z\right>\sim 0.277$ and the global line-of-sight velocity dispersion $σ_{\rm v}\sim 1300$ km/s. We infer that Abell 1703 is a m…
We present the study of the dynamical status of the galaxy cluster CL1821+643, a rare and intriguing cool-core cluster hosting a giant radio halo. We base our analysis on new spectroscopic data for 129 galaxies acquired at the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We also use spectroscopic data available from the literature and photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We select 120 cluster member galaxies and compute the cluster redshift <z> ~ 0.296 and the global line-of-sight velocity dispersion $σ_{\rm V}$ ~ 1100 km/s. The results of our analysis are consistent with CL1821+643 be…
We report on a spectral study at radio frequencies of the giant radio halo in A2142 (z=0.0909), which we performed to explore its nature and origin. A2142 is not a major merger and the presence of a giant radio halo is somewhat surprising. We performed deep radio observations with the GMRT at 608 MHz, 322 MHz, and 234 MHz and with the VLA in the 1-2 GHz band. We obtained high-quality images at all frequencies in a wide range of resolutions. The radio halo is well detected at all frequencies and extends out to the most distant cold front in A2142. We studied the spectral index in two regions: t…
Mapping the Dynamics of a Giant Ly-alpha Halo at z=4.1 with MUSE: The Energetics of a Large Scale AGN-Driven Outflow around a Massive, High-Redshift Galaxy
Merging Tree Algorithm of Growing Voids in Self Similar and CDM Models
观测研究表明，空洞是当今宇宙大尺度结构的显著特征。尽管它们从原始密度扰动中出现，演化模式与暗物质晕不同，但N体模拟和理论模型表明，空洞也会合并在一起形成大的空洞结构。在这项研究中，继Sheth & van de Weygaert（2004）之后，我们采用Lacey & Cole（1993）给出的晕合并算法，在Einstein de Sitter（EdS）宇宙中建立了生长空洞的层次空洞演化的解析近似描述。要做到这一点，我们考虑到一般的体积分布的空隙，其中包括两个主要的空隙过程：合并和崩溃。我们表明，体积分布函数可以减少到一个简单的形式，通过忽略崩溃的空隙贡献，因为崩溃过程是可以忽略的大尺寸的空隙。因此，空隙体积分数仅对增长的空隙有贡献。该算法成为类似的晕合并算法。基于这种不断增长的空洞分布，我们得到的空洞合并算法中，我们定义和制定空洞合并和吸收率，以及空洞的大小和红移的生存概率和失败率方面的自相似和目前青睐的暗能量主导的冷暗物质模型在EdS宇宙。
We present an analysis of archival Chandra data of the merging galaxy cluster ClG 0217+70. The Fe XXV He$α$ X-ray emission line is clearly visible in the 25 ks observation, allowing a precise determination of the redshift of the cluster as $z=0.180\pm0.006$. We measure $kT_{500}=8.3\pm0.4$ keV and estimate $M_{500}=(1.06\pm0.11)\times10^{15}\ M_\odot$ based on existing scaling relations. Correcting both the radio and X-ray luminosities with the revised redshift reported here, which is much larger than previously inferred based on sparse optical data, this object is no longer an X-ray underlumi…
Giant Radio Sources as a probe of the cosmological evolution of the IGM, II. The observational constraint for the model of the radio-jets propagation through the X-ray halo--IGM interface
We present the results of new Suzaku observations of the Coma Cluster, the X-ray brightest, nearby, merging system hosting a well studied, typical giant radio halo. It has been previously shown that, on the western side of the cluster, the radio brightness shows a much steeper gradient compared to other azimuths. XMM-Newton and Planck revealed a shock front along the southern half of the region associated with this steep radio gradient, suggesting that the radio emission is enhanced by particle acceleration associated with the shock passage. Suzaku demonstrates for the first time that this sho…
