Giant radio halos are diffuse, Mpc-scale, synchrotron sources located in the central regions of galaxy clusters and provide the most relevant example of cluster non-thermal activity. Radio and X-ray surveys allow to investigate the statistics of halos and may contribute to constrain their origin and evolution. We investigate the distribution of clusters in the plane X-ray (thermal, L_X) vs synchrotron (P_{1.4})luminosity, where clusters hosting giant radio halos trace the P_{1.4}--L_X correlation and clusters without radio halos populate a region that is well separated from that spanned by the above correlation. The connection between radio halos and cluster mergers suggests that the cluster Mpc-scale synchrotron emission is amplified during these mergers and then suppressed when clusters become more dynamically relaxed. In this context, by analysing the distribution in the P_{1.4}--L_X plane of clusters from X-ray selected samples with adequate radio follow up, we constrain the typical time-scale of evolution of diffuse radio emission in clusters and discuss the implications for the origin of radio halos. We conclude that cluster synchrotron emission is suppressed (and amplified) in a time-scale significantly smaller than 1 Gyr. We show that this constraint appears difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis that the halo's radio power is suppressed due to dissipation of magnetic field in galaxy clusters. On the other hand, in agreement with models where turbulent acceleration plays a role, present constraints suggest that relativistic electrons are accelerated in Mpc-scale regions, in connection with cluster mergers and for a time-interval of about 1 Gyr, and then they cool in a relatively small time-scale, when the hosting cluster becomes more dynamically relaxed.
We employ a set of high resolution N-body simulations to study the merger rate of dark matter halos. We define a specific merger rate by normalizing the average number of mergers per halo with the logarithmic mass growth change of the hosts at the time of accretion. Based on the simulation results, we find that this specific merger rate, $\mathrm{d}N_{\mathrm{merge}}(ξ|M,z)/\mathrm{d}ξ/\mathrm{d}\log M(z)$, has a universal form, which is only a function of the mass ratio of merging halo pairs, $ξ$, and does not depend on the host halo mass, $M$, or redshift, $z$, over a wide range of masses ($…
Tracking the formation and evolution of dark matter haloes is a critical aspect of any analysis of cosmological $N$-body simulations. In particular, the mass assembly of a halo and its progenitors, encapsulated in the form of its merger tree, serves as a fundamental input for constructing semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and, more generally, for building mock catalogues that emulate galaxy surveys. We present an algorithm for constructing halo merger trees from AbacusSummit, the largest suite of cosmological $N$-body simulations performed to date consisting of nearly 60 trillion partic…
We study the merger rate of primordial black holes (PBHs) in self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) halo models. To explore a numerical description for the density profile of SIDM halo models, we use the result of a previously performed simulation for SIDM halo models with $σ/m=10~{\rm cm^{2}g^{-1}}$. We also propose a concentration-mass-time relation that can explain the evolution of the halo density profile related to SIDM models. Furthermore, we investigate the encounter condition of PBHs that may have been randomly distributed in the medium of dark matter halos. Under these assumptions, we ca…
The concentration parameter is a key characteristic of a dark matter halo that conveniently connects the halo's present-day structure with its assembly history. Using 'Dark Sky', a suite of cosmological $N$-body simulations, we investigate how halo concentration evolves with time and emerges from the mass assembly history. We also explore the origin of the scatter in the relation between concentration and assembly history. We show that the evolution of halo concentration has two primary modes: (1) smooth increase due to pseudo-evolution; and (2) intense responses to physical merger events. Mer…
Virtually any investigation involving dark matter halos relies on a definition of their radius, mass, and of whether they are a subhalo. The halo boundary is most commonly defined to include a spherical overdensity contrast (such as R200c, Rvir, and R200m), but different thresholds lead to significant differences in radius and mass. The splashback radius has recently been suggested as a more physically motivated (and generally larger) halo boundary, adding to the range of definitions. It is often difficult to assess the impact of a particular choice because most halo catalogs contain only one …
We have studied the merger rate of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the ellipsoidal-collapse model of halo to explain the dark matter abundance by the PBH merger estimated from the gravitational waves detections via the Advanced LIGO (aLIGO) detectors. We have indicated that the PBH merger rate within each halo for the ellipsoidal models is more significant than for the spherical models. We have specified that the PBH merger rate per unit time and per unit volume for the ellipsoidal-collapse halo models is about one order of magnitude higher than the corresponding spherical models. Moreover, w…
Cosmological N-body simulations rank among the most computationally intensive efforts today. A key challenge is the analysis of structure, substructure, and the merger history for many billions of compact particle clusters, called halos. Effectively representing the merging history of halos is essential for many galaxy formation models used to generate synthetic sky catalogs, an important application of modern cosmological simulations. Generating realistic mock catalogs requires computing the halo formation history from simulations with large volumes and billions of halos over many time steps,…
A Halo Merger Tree Generation and Evaluation Framework
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid(马德里自治大学);The University of Melbourne(墨尔本大学);Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(智利天主教大学);University of Campinas(坎皮纳斯大学);Universidad Diego Portales(迭戈·波塔莱斯大学)
In this work, we study the effect of a high-precision semianalytical mass function on the merger rate of primordial black holes (PBHs) in dark matter halos. For this purpose, we first explain a theoretical framework for dark matter halo models and introduce relevant quantities such as halo density profile, concentration parameter, and a high-precision semianalytical function namely Del Popolo (DP) mass function. In the following, we calculate the merger rate of PBHs in the framework of ellipsoidal-collapse dark matter halo models while considering the DP mass function, and compare it with our …
We introduce and apply a new approach to probe the response of galactic stellar haloes to the interplay between cosmological merger histories and galaxy formation physics. We perform dark matter-only, zoomed simulations of two Milky Way-mass hosts and make targeted, controlled changes to their cosmological histories using the genetic modification technique. Populating each history's stellar halo with a semi-empirical, particle tagging approach then enables a controlled study, with all instances converging to the same large-scale structure, dynamical and stellar mass at $z=0$ as their reference…
Numerical simulations have shown that massive dark matter haloes, which today host galaxy clusters, assemble their mass over time alternating periods of quiescent accretion and phases of rapid growth associated with major merger episodes. Observations of such events in clusters can provide insights on the astrophysical processes that characterise the properties of the intra-cluster medium, as well as the gravitational processes that contribute to their assembly. It is therefore of prime interest to devise a fast and reliable way of detecting such perturbed systems. We present a novel approach …
Primordial black holes (PBHs), as a potential macroscopic candidate for dark matter, can encounter other compact objects in dark matter halos because of their random distribution. Besides, the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) related to the stellar-mass black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) mergers raises the possibility that the BHs involved in such events may have a primordial origin. In this work, we calculate the merger rate of PBH-NS binaries within the framework of ellipsoidal-collapse dark matter halo models and compare it with the corresponding results derived from spherical-collapse d…
Halo Occupation Distributions of Moderate X-ray AGNs through Major and Minor Mergers in a $Λ$-CDM Cosmology
受Allevato et al.(2012)在COSMOS领域中最近推断的X射线选定活动星系核晕占据分布(HOD)形式的启发,我们使用一个基于$Λ$ -CDM宇宙学中暗物质晕(DMH)之间合并活动的简单模型,研究了中等亮度X射线活动星系核(mXAGN)的HOD性质。在上述情况下,在$z=0.5$模拟的mXAGN的HOD和数密度与Allevato等人(2012)的结果进行比较。我们发现,模拟的HOD的主要和次要合并,和观察到的mXAGN是一致的。我们的主要结果是,未成年人合并,相反,人们可能会期望,可以发挥重要作用的活动mAGN。
Mergers Matter: Gravothermal Collapse in Dwarf Halos with Self-Interacting Dark Matter
University of California, Irvine(加州大学尔湾分校);DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所DARK);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);University of Washington(华盛顿大学);Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Northeastern University(东北大学)
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid(马德里自治大学);King’s College London(伦敦国王学院);The University of Melbourne(墨尔本大学);Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(智利天主教大学);University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学);Universidad Diego Portales(迭戈·波塔莱斯大学)
A key ingredient for semi-analytic models (SAMs) of galaxy formation is the mass assembly history of haloes, encoded in a tree structure. The most commonly used method to construct halo merger histories is based on the outcomes of high-resolution, computationally intensive N-body simulations. We show that machine learning (ML) techniques, in particular Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), are a promising new tool to tackle this problem with a modest computational cost and retaining the best features of merger trees from simulations. We train our GAN model with a limited sample of merger tre…
The First Systematic Survey of Stellar Halos in High-Inclination Galaxies Reveals Unusually Quiescent Merger Histories of Nearby Galaxies
University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学);University of Oxford(牛津大学);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利天体物理研究所);Universidad de La Laguna(拉各拉纳大学)