季节性可通过贮藏效应诱导盘基网柄藻多种下注对冲策略共存
Seasonality can induce coexistence of multiple bet-hedging strategies in Dictyostelium discoideum via storage effect
摘要：
D. discoideum最近被认为是赌注对冲的一个例子。在饥饿时，单细胞变形虫的种群在聚集体和非聚集体之间分裂，聚集体形成由柄和抗性孢子组成的子实体。长时间的饥饿有利于孢子，但营养细胞可以在快速恢复的环境中利用资源。这种划分可以被理解为一种赌注对冲策略，它会随着随机饥饿时间的变化而变化。基因型由每种类型细胞之间的不同平衡来定义。在这个框架中，如果生态条件是根据平均饥饿时间（即饥饿开始和新的食物脉冲到达之间的时间）来定义的，则单个基因型在每个环境中占主导地位，这与自然界中观察到的巨大的遗传多样性〈动〉<动>不一致。我们调查是否季节性，平均饥饿时间的周期性交替，允许共存的几种策略。我们使用非空间（混合良好）环境，不同菌株竞争资源脉冲。我们发现，季节性，我们通过两个季节模型，诱导的时间存储效应，可以促进多个基因型的稳定共存。需要满足两个条件。首先，饥饿时间在每个季节的分布不能重叠，以创造两个分化良好的栖息地在一年内。第二，在每个季节中必须发生许多生长-饥饿循环，以使适应良好的菌株生长并在随后的不利时期存活下来。生活史性状之间的额外权衡可以扩大共存的范围，增加共存策略的数量，有助于解释在D. discoideum
英文摘要：
D. discoideum has been recently suggested as an example of bet-hedging. Upon starvation a population of unicellular amoebae splits between aggregators, which form a fruiting body made of a stalk and resistant spores, and non-aggregators. Spores are favored by long starvation periods, but vegetative cells can exploit resources in fast-recovering environments. This partition can be understood as a bet-hedging strategy that evolves in response to stochastic starvation times. A genotype is defined by a different balance between each type of cells. In this framework, if the ecological conditions are defined in terms of the mean starvation time (i.e. time between onset of starvation and the arrival of a new food pulse), a single genotype dominates each environment, which is inconsistent with the huge genetic diversity observed in nature. We investigate whether seasonality, represented by a periodic alternation in the mean starvation times, allows the coexistence of several strategies. We use a non-spatial (well-mixed) setting where different strains compete for a pulse of resources. We find that seasonality, which we model via two seasons, induces a temporal storage effect that can promote the stable coexistence of multiple genotypes. Two conditions need to be met. First, the distributions of starvation times in each season cannot overlap in order to create two well differentiated habitats within the year. Second, numerous growth-starvation cycles have to occur during each season to allow well-adapted strains to grow and survive the subsequent unfavorable period. Additional tradeoffs among life-history traits can expand the range of coexistence and increase the number of coexisting strategies, contributing towards explaining the genetic diversity observed in D. discoideum
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