缺乏生态环境会造成盘基网柄藻社会成功的假象
Lack of ecological context can create the illusion of social success in Dictyostelium discoideum
摘要：
微生物合作的研究往往集中在一个健身组件，很少的信息或注意的生态环境，这可能会导致矛盾的结果。社会性阿米巴Dictyosteelicdiscoideum的生活周期〈动〉<动>包括一个多细胞阶段，其中不一定是无性系阿米巴在饥饿时聚集形成由死茎和孢子组成的可能嵌合（遗传异质）的子实体。实验室测量的嵌合体孢子的生殖偏斜表明强烈的社会对抗;这应该导致低基因型多样性，这与自然界的观察结果不一致。两项研究表明，这种不一致性源于对适应性（孢子产生）的一维评估，解决方案在于多个性状之间的权衡，例如：孢子大小与生存能力;以及保持营养状态与休眠状态。我们从理论上探讨不同的权衡实施机制，并提供了一个统一的生态框架，在这个框架中，上述两个权衡，以及新的，集体出现在响应环境的特点。我们发现，孢子的生产是以牺牲营养细胞的生产，时间的发展，并根据实验设置，孢子的大小和活力。此外，我们发现，所有现有的实验结果嵌合混合可以定性概括，而不需要调用社会互动，这使得简单的决议，以前的矛盾结果。我们的结论是，生活史〈动〉的复杂性，包括社会行为和多细胞性，只能在适当的多维生态环境中理解。
英文摘要：
Studies of cooperation in microbes often focus on one fitness component, with little information about or attention to the ecological context, and this can lead to paradoxical results. The life cycle of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum includes a multicellular stage in which not necessarily clonal amoebae aggregate upon starvation to form a possibly chimeric (genetically heterogeneous) fruiting body made of dead stalk and spores. The lab-measured reproductive skew in the spores of chimeras indicates strong social antagonism; this should result in low genotypic diversity, which is inconsistent with observations from nature. Two studies have suggested that this inconsistency stems from the one-dimensional assessment of fitness (spore production) and that the solution lies in tradeoffs between multiple traits, e.g.: spore size versus viability; and staying vegetative versus becoming dormant. We theoretically explore different tradeoff-implementing mechanisms and provide a unifying ecological framework in which the two tradeoffs above, as well as novel ones, arise collectively in response to characteristics of the environment. We find that spore production comes at the expense of vegetative cell production, time to development, and, depending on the experimental setup, spore size and viability. Furthermore, we find that all existing experimental results regarding chimeric mixes can be qualitatively recapitulated without needing to invoke social interactions, which allows for simple resolutions to previously paradoxical results. We conclude that the complexities of life histories, including social behavior and multicellularity, can only be understood in the appropriate multidimensional ecological context.
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