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arXiv 1606.02776cond-mat.quant-gashep-th
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玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中暗孤子的涡旋线和3+1维玻色-涡旋对偶

Vortex lines attached to dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates and Boson-Vortex Duality in 3+1 Dimensions

A. Muñoz Mateo, Xiaoquan Yu, Jun Nian

摘要:

我们证明了在标量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中存在由附着在平面暗孤子上的涡旋线组成的定态。这种类型的动力学稳定状态被发现在较低的值的化学势在通道冷凝,其中的长波长的不稳定性的暗孤子被阻止。在扁圆形的谐波势阱中,U形涡旋线的两端与单个平面孤子相连,是长寿命的状态。我们的研究结果报告的参数典型的当前实验,并开辟了一种方式来探索不同的拓扑结构的相互作用。这些构形提供了涡线的狄利克雷边界条件,从而模仿了弦论中D膜上的开弦。我们表明,这些相似性可以正式建立映射到一个有效的弦论的Gross-Pitaevskii理论通过玻色子涡对偶性在3+1维开弦。将孤立子平面上耦合到涡旋线端点的一种形式规范场和耦合到涡旋线的两种形式规范场相结合,得到了涡旋线端点附着在暗孤子上的开放涡旋线的规范不变对偶作用量.

英文摘要:

We demonstrate the existence of stationary states composed of vortex lines attached to planar dark solitons in scalar Bose-Einstein condensates. Dynamically stable states of this type are found at low values of the chemical potential in channeled condensates, where the long-wavelength instability of dark solitons is prevented. In oblate, harmonic traps, U-shaped vortex lines attached by both ends to a single planar soliton are shown to be long-lived states. Our results are reported for parameters typical of current experiments, and open up a way to explore the interplay of different topological structures. These configurations provide Dirichlet boundary conditions for vortex lines and thereby mimic open strings attached to D-branes in string theory. We show that these similarities can be formally established by mapping the Gross-Pitaevskii theory into a dual effective string theory for open strings via a boson-vortex duality in 3+1 dimensions. Combining a one-form gauge field living on the soliton plane which couples to the endpoints of vortex lines and a two-form gauge field which couples to vortex lines, we obtain a gauge-invariant dual action of open vortex lines with their endpoints attached to dark solitons.

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