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arXiv 2403.01458cond-mat.quant-gasquant-ph
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自旋轨道耦合二元玻色凝聚体中的半涡旋孤子及其激发态

Semi-vortex solitons and their excited states in spin-orbit-coupled binary bosonic condensates

Haiming Deng, Jinqing Li, Zhaopin Chen, Yaohui Liu, Dong Liu, Chunzhi Jiang, Chao Kong, Boris A. Malomed

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To be published in Physical Review E
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AI总结：

该研究在两组分自相互作用符号相反的自旋轨道耦合玻色–爱因斯坦凝聚体中构建半涡旋孤子激发态，证明其在高涡量下仍稳定，并给出坍缩阈值与稳定运动速度区间。

摘要：

已知在两种组分中均存在接触自吸引作用的自旋轨道耦合（SOC）二元玻色–爱因斯坦凝聚体中，半涡旋（SV）型的二维双组分基态孤子（其两组分的涡量为 $(s_{+},s_{-})=(0,1)$）是稳定的基态（GS），尽管该系统存在临界坍缩的可能性。然而，在同一系统中，涡量组合为 $(s_{+},s_{-})=(S_{+},S_{+}+1)$（其中 $S_{+}=1,2,3,...$）的半涡旋孤子激发态（ES）并不稳定。我们在两种组分具有相反符号自相互作用的SOC系统中构建了半涡旋孤子的激发态。主要发现是ES-SV孤子具有稳定性，其额外涡量至少可达到 $S_{+}=6$。这些激发态中临界坍缩起始的范数阈值 $N_{\mathrm{thr}}$ 高于与单组分Townes孤子相关的众所周知的临界值 $N_{c}\approx 5.85$，并且 $N_{\mathrm{thr}}$ 随 $S_{+}$ 的增大而增加。研究还发现了GS-SV孤子稳定运动的速度区间。这些结果为创建具有高拓扑荷的稳定涡旋孤子这一挑战性问题提供了解决方案。

英文摘要：

It is known that two-dimensional two-component fundamental solitons of the semi-vortex (SV) type, with vorticities $(s_{+},s_{-})=(0,1)$ in their components, are stable ground states (GSs) in the spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) binary Bose-Einstein condensate with the contact self-attraction acting in both components, in spite of the possibility of the critical collapse in the system. However, excited states(ESs) of the SV solitons, with the vorticity set $(s_{+},s_{-})=( S_{+},S_{+}+1)$ and $S_{+}=1,2,3,...$, are unstable in the same system. We construct ESs of SV solitons in the SOC system with opposite signs of the self-interaction in the two components. The main finding is stability of the ES-SV solitons, with the extra vorticity (at least) up to $S_{+}=6$. The threshold value of the norm for the onset of the critical collapse, $N_{\mathrm{thr}}$, in these excited states is higher than the commonly known critical value, $N_{c}\approx 5.85$,associated with the single-component Townes solitons, $N_{\mathrm{thr}}$ increasing with the growth of $S_{+}$. A velocity interval for stable motion of the GS-SV solitons is found too. The results suggest a solution for the challenging problem of the creation of stable vortex solitons with high topological charges.

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