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arXiv 1606.01989hep-thcond-mat.str-el
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2+1维对偶网络与凝聚态物理

A Duality Web in 2+1 Dimensions and Condensed Matter Physics

Nathan Seiberg, T. Senthil, Chong Wang, Edward Witten

摘要:

在高能和凝聚态社区的早期工作的基础上,我们提出了一个网络的二重性在$2+1$维,推广已知的粒子/涡的二重性。一些对偶性将费米子理论与玻色子理论联系起来。另一些则涉及费米子的不同理论。例如,具有单个狄拉克费米子的量子电动力学的$2+1$维模拟(称为$U(1)_{1/2}$的理论)的长距离行为与$O(2)$威尔逊-费舍尔不动点相一致。在第一级有陈-西蒙斯耦合的固定点的规范版本被确定为自由狄拉克费米子。后一种理论也有一个对偶版本,即费米子与某些规范场相互作用。假设这些对偶中的一些,可以导出其他对偶。我们的分析解决了一些令人困惑的问题,包括如何在这些理论中实现时间反转的文献。它在凝聚态物理中也有许多应用,如拓扑绝缘体(及其带隙边界态)理论和半填充时最低朗道能级的电子问题。(Our技术还阐明了分数霍尔效应中的一些点及其使用通量附着的描述。除了提出几个一致性检查,我们还提出了合理的(但不严格)推导的对偶,并将它们与$3+1$ -维$S$ -对偶。

英文摘要:

Building on earlier work in the high energy and condensed matter communities, we present a web of dualities in $2+1$ dimensions that generalize the known particle/vortex duality. Some of the dualities relate theories of fermions to theories of bosons. Others relate different theories of fermions. For example, the long distance behavior of the $2+1$-dimensional analog of QED with a single Dirac fermion (a theory known as $U(1)_{1/2}$) is identified with the $O(2)$ Wilson-Fisher fixed point. The gauged version of that fixed point with a Chern-Simons coupling at level one is identified as a free Dirac fermion. The latter theory also has a dual version as a fermion interacting with some gauge fields. Assuming some of these dualities, other dualities can be derived. Our analysis resolves a number of confusing issues in the literature including how time reversal is realized in these theories. It also has many applications in condensed matter physics like the theory of topological insulators (and their gapped boundary states) and the problem of electrons in the lowest Landau level at half filling. (Our techniques also clarify some points in the fractional Hall effect and its description using flux attachment.) In addition to presenting several consistency checks, we also present plausible (but not rigorous) derivations of the dualities and relate them to $3+1$-dimensional $S$-duality.

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