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arXiv 1604.04036nucl-th
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涡旋流体中大质量费米子的极化

Polarization of massive fermions in a vortical fluid

Ren-hong Fang, Long-gang Pang, Qun Wang, Xin-nian Wang

摘要:

由于自旋-涡度耦合,费米子在涡旋流体中变得极化。这样的极化可以从量子动力学方法中的维格纳函数计算。推广了以前的手征费米子的结果,我们推导出了大质量费米子的维格纳函数,直到空间梯度展开中的下一个领先阶。费米子的极化密度可以从维格纳函数的轴向矢量分量计算,并发现与局部涡度$ω$成正比。费米子和反费米子的每个粒子的极化随化学势而减小,随能量(质量)而增加。在大能量(质量)极限下,两个量都接近渐近值$\hbarω/4$。费米子的每粒子极化总是小于反费米子的每粒子极化,反费米子的费米子与反费米子之比也随化学势的增大而减小。Cooper-Frye冻结超曲面上的每个粒子的极化也可以用公式表示,并且与Becattini等人以前的结果一致。

英文摘要:

Fermions become polarized in a vorticular fluid due to spin-vorticity coupling. Such a polarization can be calculated from the Wigner function in a quantum kinetic approach. Extending previous results for chiral fermions, we derive the Wigner function for massive fermions up to the next-to-leading order in spatial gradient expansion. The polarization density of fermions can be calculated from the axial vector component of the Wigner function and is found to be proportional to the local vorticity $ω$. The polarizations per particle for fermions and anti-fermions decrease with the chemical potential and increase with energy (mass). Both quantities approach the asymptotic value $\hbarω/4$ in the large energy (mass) limit. The polarization per particle for fermions is always smaller than that for anti-fermions, whose ratio of fermions to anti-fermions also decreases with the chemical potential. The polarization per particle on the Cooper-Frye freeze-out hyper-surface can also be formulated and is consistent with the previous result of Becattini et al..

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