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arXiv 1604.03556astro-ph.HE
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Swift观测到的Palomar样品中AGN的长期X射线光谱变化

Long-term X-Ray Spectral Variability in AGN from the Palomar sample observed by Swift

S. D. Connolly, I. M. McHardy, C. J. Skipper, D. Emmanoulopoulos

摘要:

我们提出了X射线光谱变化的24个本地活动星系核(AGN)的帕洛玛样本附近的星系,主要是由雨燕观察。从硬度比测量,我们发现,18 AGN低吸积率显示硬化与计数率的增加,相反的软时,更明亮的行为通常观察到AGN吸积率较高。两个活动星系核随着计数率的增加而软化,两个活动星系核表现出更复杂的行为,还有两个活动星系核没有表现出任何简单的关系。有足够的数据可供13个活动星系核的光谱在通量箱中求和。在这些来源中的9个,相关的光度依赖的变化的光子指数($Γ$)的幂律分量被发现是硬度变化的主要原因。对于6个天体,其吸积率作为爱丁顿率的一部分(m $\mathrm{_{Edd}}$)较低,$Γ$与m $\mathrm{_{Edd}}$相关,即观察到“越亮越硬”的行为。3个较高m $\mathrm{_{Edd}}$率的对象显示出$Γ$与m $\mathrm{_{Edd}}$之间的正相关。这种从低m $\mathrm{_{Edd}}$ s时较亮时较硬到高m $\mathrm{_{Edd}}$ s时较亮时较软的转变可以用X射线发射的种子光子的主要来源从康普顿化日冕本身的循环同步辐射到吸积盘的热种子光子的变化来解释。在黑洞X射线双星(BHXRB)的“硬态”中也可以看到这种转变。这些结果支持LINER是硬态BHXRB的类似物,而Seyferts是硬态高吸积率端或硬中间态BHXRB的类似物的观点。

英文摘要:

We present X-ray spectral variability of 24 local active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the Palomar sample of nearby galaxies, as observed mainly by Swift. From hardness ratio measurements, we find that 18 AGN with low accretion rates show hardening with increasing count rate, converse to the softer-when-brighter behaviour normally observed in AGN with higher accretion rates. Two AGN show softening with increasing count rate, two show more complex behaviour, and two do not show any simple relationship. Sufficient data were available for the spectra of 13 AGN to be summed in flux-bins. In 9 of these sources, correlated luminosity-dependent changes in the photon index ($Γ$) of a power-law component are found to be the main cause of hardness variability. For 6 objects, with a low accretion rate as a fraction of the Eddington rate (m$\mathrm{_{Edd}}$), $Γ$ is anticorrelated with m$\mathrm{_{Edd}}$, i.e. `harder-when-brighter' behaviour is observed. The 3 higher-m$\mathrm{_{Edd}}$-rate objects show a positive correlation between $Γ$ and m$\mathrm{_{Edd}}$. This transition from harder-when-brighter at low m$\mathrm{_{Edd}}$s to softer-when-brighter at high m$\mathrm{_{Edd}}$s can be explained by a change in the dominant source of seed-photons for X-ray emission from cyclo-synchrotron emission from the Comptonising corona itself to thermal seed-photons from the accretion disc. This transition is also seen in the `hard state' of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs). The results support the idea that LINERs are analogues of BHXRBs in the hard state and that Seyferts are analogues of BHXRBs in either the high-accretion-rate end of the hard state or in the hard-intermediate state.

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