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arXiv 1604.03026astro-ph.SRastro-ph.IM
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用宇宙起源摄谱仪(COS)寻找WDs周围的短周期岩石行星

A Search for short-period Rocky Planets around WDs with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS)

P. H. Sandhaus, J. H. Debes, J. Ely, D. C. Hines, M. Bourque

摘要:

对凌日适居系外行星的搜索已经扩大到包括几种类型的比太阳小的恒星,试图增加观测到的凌日深度,从而增加行星的大气信号。在所有的光谱类型中,白矮星是最适合进行这类研究的。拥有近距离岩石行星的白矮星的比例是未知的,但几个大角度恒星测量具有光度精度和节奏,如果它们是常见的,至少可以发现一个。对白矮星的紫外线观测可能允许探测类地行星大气中的分子氧或臭氧。我们使用哈勃太空望远镜从宇宙起源光谱仪获得的档案数据来寻找紫外线明亮的白矮星周围的过境岩石行星。在这个过程中,我们发现了脉动白矮星GD 133的不寻常的变化,它在紫外线中显示出缓慢的正弦变化。虽然我们在我们的小样本目标周围没有探测到行星,但我们确实对凌日行星的可能性进行了严格的限制,直到月球下的半径。我们还指出,非凌日小行星在热平衡是可检测的周围较热的白矮星,通过红外过量,并确定两个候选人。

英文摘要:

The search for transiting habitable exoplanets has broadened to include several types of stars that are smaller than the Sun in an attempt to increase the observed transit depth and hence the atmospheric signal of the planet. Of all spectral types, white dwarfs are the most favorable for this type of investigation. The fraction of white dwarfs that possess close-in rocky planets is unknown, but several large angle stellar surveys have the photometric precision and cadence to discover at least one if they are common. Ultraviolet observations of white dwarfs may allow for detection of molecular oxygen or ozone in the atmosphere of a terrestrial planet. We use archival Hubble Space Telescope data from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph to search for transiting rocky planets around UV-bright white dwarfs. In the process, we discovered unusual variability in the pulsating white dwarf GD 133, which shows slow sinusoidal variations in the UV. While we detect no planets around our small sample of targets, we do place stringent limits on the possibility of transiting planets, down to sub-lunar radii. We also point out that non-transiting small planets in thermal equilibrium are detectable around hotter white dwarfs through infrared excesses, and identify two candidates.

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