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arXiv 1604.01065physics.flu-dyn
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最佳波动游泳为一个单一的鱼一样的身体和一对相互作用的游泳者

Optimal undulating swimming for a single fish-like body and for a pair of interacting swimmers

Audrey P. Maertens, Amy Gao, Michael S. Triantafyllou

摘要:

我们建立通过数值模拟条件为一个单一的鱼,和一对水动力相互作用的鱼,占线性和角反冲的最佳波动推进。我们首先采用系统的2D模拟,以确定条件的最小推进功率的自推进鱼,并继续有针对性的3D模拟的一个像达尼欧鱼。我们发现Strouhal数、尾缘垂荡与俯仰的相位角和迎角是主要参数。角反冲对效率有显著影响,而优化的机身弯曲要求后缘上游的最大弯曲幅度。对于2D模拟,施加变形的基础上测量的位移carangiform游泳提供了40%的效率,这增加了优化的配置文件,以57%;对于3D鱼,相应的增加是从22%到35%;所有在雷诺数5000。接下来,我们转向两个水动力相互作用的鱼的2D模拟。我们发现,上游的鱼的利益大力只有很小的距离。相反,下游的鱼可以受益于任何位置,允许与上游尾流的相互作用,提供其身体运动是适当的时间相对于迎面而来的涡流。对于直列配置,相距一个体长,下游鱼类的最佳效率可以增加到66%;对于偏置布置,它可以达到81%。这证明,在鱼群中,下游鱼可以通过与迎面而来的涡流的相互作用来实现能量节省,即使下游鱼直接位于上游鱼的射流状流内。

英文摘要:

We establish through numerical simulation conditions for optimal undulatory propulsion for a single fish, and for a pair of hydrodynamically interacting fish, accounting for linear and angular recoil. We first employ systematic 2D simulations to identify conditions for minimal propulsive power of a self-propelled fish, and continue with targeted 3D simulations for a danio-like fish. We find that the Strouhal number, phase angle between heave and pitch at the trailing edge, and angle of attack are principal parameters. Angular recoil has significant impact on efficiency, while optimized body bending requires maximum bending amplitude upstream of the trailing edge. For 2D simulations, imposing a deformation based on measured displacement for carangiform swimming provides efficiency of 40%, which increases for an optimized profile to 57%; for a 3D fish, the corresponding increase is from 22% to 35%; all at Reynolds number 5000. Next, we turn to 2D simulation of two hydrodynamically interacting fish. We find that the upstream fish benefits energetically only for small distances. In contrast, the downstream fish can benefit at any position that allows interaction with the upstream wake, provided its body motion is timed appropriately with respect to the oncoming vortices. For an in-line configuration, one body length apart, the optimal efficiency of the downstream fish can increase to 66%; for an offset arrangement it can reach 81%. This proves that in groups of fish, energy savings can be achieved for downstream fish through interaction with oncoming vortices, even when the downstream fish lies directly inside the jet-like flow of an upstream fish.

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