AI 中文总结
本研究将涡力映射（VFM）扩展至变形体，量化波动式游泳生物的流向力贡献，发现多数案例中涡压力与反作用附加质量贡献相反，高推力鳗形游泳生物存在净涡压力助力，尾流强度不单独决定力效应。
AI 中文摘要
波动推进通常通过与身体运动学相关的反作用附加质量载荷及涡诱导载荷来解释，但尚未在不同游泳运动学场景下系统量化二者对流向力的相对贡献。此外，现有基于涡的描述方法未明确涡流动对流向力的带符号空间贡献。我们将涡力映射（VFM）归因扩展至变形体，针对雷诺数Re=5000下的 prescribed 二维波动式游泳生物，在一系列斯特劳哈尔数和无量纲波长范围内开展验证。变形体VFM将流向力组织为正的反作用附加质量尺度，结合带符号的涡压力修正。在80个案例中，76个案例的涡压力与反作用贡献相反。参考构型图显示，近体涡压力贡献始终为不利的，而尾流贡献在不同工况下符号变化，在高推力时转为有利；仅高推力鳗形游泳生物存在净涡压力助力。配对高推力案例进一步表明，下游峰值速度更高的案例具有更小的带符号尾流贡献，说明仅尾流强度无法决定其力效应。
英文摘要
Undulatory propulsion is commonly interpreted through reactive added-mass loading associated with body kinematics and vortex-induced loading, but their relative contributions to the streamwise force have not been systematically quantified across swimming kinematics. Moreover, existing vortex-based descriptions do not resolve the signed spatial contribution of vortical flow to the streamwise force. We extend vortex force map (VFM) attribution to deforming bodies, demonstrated for prescribed two-dimensional undulating swimmers at $Re=5000$ across a range of Strouhal numbers and dimensionless wavelengths. The deforming-body VFM organises the streamwise force as a positive reactive added-mass scale with a signed vortex-pressure modification. Across the 80 cases, vortex pressure opposes the reactive contribution in 76 cases. Reference-configuration maps show that the near-body vortex-pressure contribution is consistently adverse, whereas the wake contribution changes sign across regimes and becomes favourable at high thrust. Net vortex-pressure assistance occurs only for the high-thrust anguilliform swimmer. A matched high-thrust pair further shows that the case with the higher peak downstream velocity has the smaller signed wake contribution, demonstrating that wake intensity alone does not determine its force effect.
