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arXiv 1604.00532quant-ph
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噪声环境下的实用量子精密测量

Practical Quantum Metrology in Noisy Environments

Rosanna Nichols, Thomas R. Bromley, Luis A. Correa, Gerardo Adesso

摘要:

研究了在单位相位协变噪声存在的情况下,利用有限资源,利用二能级探针估计未知相位$ φ$的问题。我们介绍了一个简单的模型,其中的相位印迹操作的探针是通过一个随机采样生成器的幺正变换实现的。我们确定的顺序估计协议中的最佳相位灵敏度,并推导出一个一般的(紧拟合)下限。灵敏度随着相位印记操作的应用次数$ N $成二次方增长,然后在某个$ N_\text{opt} $处达到最大值,并最终衰减到零。我们根据噪声的可访问几何属性提供了对$ N_\text{opt} $的估计,并说明了其作为优化估计协议的指南的有用性。还考虑了使用无源辅助元件和纠缠探针并行以提高相位灵敏度。我们发现,多探针纠缠可能不会提供任何实际的优势,单探针相干性,如果在输出端的询问仅限于测量本地可观的。

英文摘要:

The problem of estimating an unknown phase $ φ$ using two-level probes in the presence of unital phase-covariant noise and using finite resources is investigated. We introduce a simple model in which the phase-imprinting operation on the probes is realized by a unitary transformation with a randomly sampled generator. We determine the optimal phase sensitivity in a sequential estimation protocol, and derive a general (tight-fitting) lower bound. The sensitivity grows quadratically with the number of applications $ N $ of the phase-imprinting operation, then attains a maximum at some $ N_\text{opt} $, and eventually decays to zero. We provide an estimate of $ N_\text{opt} $ in terms of accessible geometric properties of the noise and illustrate its usefulness as a guideline for optimizing the estimation protocol. The use of passive ancillas and of entangled probes in parallel to improve the phase sensitivity is also considered. We find that multi-probe entanglement may offer no practical advantage over single-probe coherence if the interrogation at the output is restricted to measuring local observables.

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