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arXiv 1603.04748astro-ph.SRastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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SN 2015 bn:附近超亮超新星的详细多波长视图

SN 2015bn: a detailed multi-wavelength view of a nearby superluminous supernova

M. Nicholl, E. Berger, S. J. Smartt, R. Margutti, A. Kamble, K. D. Alexander, T. -W. Chen, C. Inserra, I. Arcavi, P. K. Blanchard, R. Cartier, K. C. Chambers, M… 展开作者

M. Nicholl, E. Berger, S. J. Smartt, R. Margutti, A. Kamble, K. D. Alexander, T. -W. Chen, C. Inserra, I. Arcavi, P. K. Blanchard, R. Cartier, K. C. Chambers, M. J. Childress, R. Chornock, P. S. Cowperthwaite, M. Drout, H. A. Flewelling, M. Fraser, A. Gal-Yam, L. Galbany, J. Harmanen, T. W. -S. Holoien, G. Hosseinzadeh, D. A. Howell, M. E. Huber, A. Jerkstrand, E. Kankare, C. S. Kochanek, Z. -Y. Lin, R. Lunnan, E. A. Magnier, K. Maguire, C. McCully, M. McDonald, B. D. Metzger, D. Milisavljevic, A. Mitra, T. Reynolds, J. Saario, B. J. Shappee, K. W. Smith, S. Valenti, V. A. Villar, C. Waters, D. R. Young

摘要:

本文报道了SN 2015 bn(= PS 15 ae = CSS 141223 -113342+004332 = MLS 150211 -113342+004333)的观测结果,它是一颗红移为$z=0.1136$的I型超亮超新星(SLSN)。除了是我发现的最接近的SLSNe之一,它本质上比其他在$z\sim0.1$的SLSNe更亮($M_U\approx-23.1$)和更暗的星系($M_B\approx-16.0$)。我们利用这个机会收集了迄今为止任何SLSN I最广泛的数据集,包括从UV到NIR的密集采样光谱学和光度学,从光学最大值开始跨越$-$ 50到+250天。SN 2015 bn褪色缓慢,但在30-50天的时间尺度上,特别是在紫外线下,其光变曲线呈现出令人惊讶的波动。光谱显示出非常缓慢的演变,除了+7和+20-30天之间的快速转化。在任何阶段都没有观察到来自缓慢移动材料的窄发射线。我们推导出包括热光度在内的物理性质,发现了缓慢的速度演化和非单调的温度和径向演化。深射电极限排除了健康的离轴伽马射线爆发,并限制了爆炸前的质量损失。这些数据可以一致地解释为:一颗被$\gtrsim10\,{\rm M}_\odot$剥离的祖先以$\sim 10^{51}\,$ erg的动能爆炸,形成一颗磁星,其自旋时间尺度为$\sim20$天(从而避免了伽马射线爆发),重新加热了喷出物并驱动了电离锋。最有可能的替代方案-与$\sim20\,{\rm M}_\odot$的密集,不均匀的拱星物质相互作用-可以通过持续的无线电跟踪进行测试。

英文摘要:

We present observations of SN 2015bn (= PS15ae = CSS141223-113342+004332 = MLS150211-113342+004333), a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN) at redshift $z=0.1136$. As well as being one of the closest SLSNe I yet discovered, it is intrinsically brighter ($M_U\approx-23.1$) and in a fainter galaxy ($M_B\approx-16.0$) than other SLSNe at $z\sim0.1$. We used this opportunity to collect the most extensive dataset for any SLSN I to date, including densely-sampled spectroscopy and photometry, from the UV to the NIR, spanning $-$50 to +250 days from optical maximum. SN 2015bn fades slowly, but exhibits surprising undulations in the light curve on a timescale of 30-50 days, especially in the UV. The spectrum shows extraordinarily slow evolution except for a rapid transformation between +7 and +20-30 days. No narrow emission lines from slow-moving material are observed at any phase. We derive physical properties including the bolometric luminosity, and find slow velocity evolution and non-monotonic temperature and radial evolution. A deep radio limit rules out a healthy off-axis gamma-ray burst, and places constraints on the pre-explosion mass loss. The data can be consistently explained by a $\gtrsim10\,{\rm M}_\odot$ stripped progenitor exploding with $\sim 10^{51}\,$erg kinetic energy, forming a magnetar with a spin-down timescale of $\sim20$ days (thus avoiding a gamma-ray burst) that reheats the ejecta and drives ionization fronts. The most likely alternative scenario -- interaction with $\sim20\,{\rm M}_\odot$ of dense, inhomogeneous circumstellar material -- can be tested with continuing radio follow-up.

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