海洋保护区随时间和物种扩散潜力的影响：定量保护冲突尝试
The effects of marine protected areas over time and species dispersal potential: A quantitative conservation conflict attempt
摘要：
保护区是一项重要的保护措施。然而，关于封闭区是否有利于物种和栖息地的保护以及登陆，有争议的研究结果。物种扩散被认为是封闭区设计和影响的关键因素。一系列基于代理的模型，使用随机扩散模拟鱼类扩散的栖息地保护前后运行。在每个场景中，在没有受保护的栖息地的情况下，对所有结果进行标准化，以检测关闭一个区域后的相对差异，所有其他条件相同。结果表明，登陆的物种与短的扩散范围将需要更长的时间才能达到前海洋保护区（MPA）建立的水平比登陆的物种与长的扩散范围。此外，建立一个MPA产生较高的相对人口来源的MPA内的物种具有低的扩散能力比物种具有高的扩散能力。这里得出的结果表明，存在一个双赢的可行方案，最大限度地提高鱼类生物量以及鱼类渔获量。
英文摘要：
Protected areas are an important conservation measure. However, there are controversial findings regarding whether closed areas are beneficial for species and habitat conservation as well as landings. Species dispersal is acknowledged as a key factor for the design and impacts of closed areas. A series of agent based models using random diffusion to model fish dispersal were run before and after habitat protection. All results were normalised without the protected habitat in each scenario to detect the relative difference after closing an area, all else being equal. Results show that landings of species with short dispersal ranges will take longer to reach the levels of pre Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) establishment than landings of species with long dispersal ranges. Further the establishment of an MPA generates a higher relative population source within the MPA for species with low dispersal abilities than for species with high dispersal abilities. Results derived here show that there exists a win-win feasible scenario that maximises both fish biomass as well as fish catches.
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