潮间带生物的幼虫扩散和海岸线地理的影响
Larval dispersal of intertidal organisms and the influence of coastline geography
摘要：
具固着成虫的生物的扩散阶段必须能够选择具有适宜建立和生存条件的生境，并且还必须能够到达这些地点。对于海洋浮游幼虫，由于水流的运动往往比由于游泳行为的运动大几个数量级，因此运输在很大程度上是被动的。海流模式是由地理与潮汐力的相互作用决定的，并受气象条件的影响。这些联系使连通性研究具有针对具体地区的重点。然而，地理特征和气象强迫如何结合起来产生特定的电流模式和由此产生的人口之间的联系仍然不清楚。在这项研究中，我们跟踪通用粒子驱动的模拟流体动力学电流，调查均匀分布的栖息地之间的连接如何变化的沿海地形。从流速高、海岸线开阔和当地栖息地可用性低的地区释放的幼虫游得最远，但不太可能成功分散。广泛的出生栖息地附近的一个网站一般有一个积极的影响，幼虫到达的数量，因为低流速。然而，到达的幼虫和当地的地理指数之间的关系是复杂的，特别是在较长的幼虫持续时间。当地的地理解释高达50%的成功释放的幼虫和10%左右的幼虫到达每个站点的数量的变化的方差，但海岸线属性达不到特定位置的预测扩散措施。该研究表明，气象变化和大规模的电流模式与当地地理相互作用，以确定沿海地区的连接。
英文摘要：
The dispersal stages of organisms with sessile adults must be able to select habitats with suitable conditions for establishment and survival, and must also be able to reach those locations. For marine planktonic larvae, movement due to currents is often orders of magnitude greater than movement due to swimming behaviour, so transport is largely passive. Current patterns are determined by the interaction of geography with tidal forces, modified by meteorological conditions. These linkages impose an area-specific focus to connectivity studies. Yet, how geographical features and meteorological forcing combine to produce specific current patterns and resultant connectivity among populations remains unclear. In this study, we followed tracks of generic particles driven by modelled hydrodynamic currents to investigate how connectivity between evenly spaced habitat sites varies in relation to coastal topography. Larvae released from regions of high current velocity, open coastline and low local habitat availability travelled furthest but were less likely to disperse successfully. Extensive natal habitat in the vicinity of a site generally had a positive impact on the number of larvae arriving, as did low current velocities. However, relationships between numbers of arriving larvae and local geographical indices were complex, particularly at longer larval durations. Local geography alone explained up to 50% of the variance in success of larvae released and around 10% of the variation in the number of larvae arriving at each site, but coastline properties fall short of predicting dispersal measures for particular locations. The study shows that meteorological variation and broad scale current patterns interact strongly with local geography to determine connectivity in coastal areas.
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