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arXiv 1602.04837astro-ph.CO
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再电离期间宇宙21厘米信号和莱曼α发射体的交叉相关

Cross-correlation of the cosmic 21-cm signal and Lyman Alpha Emitters during reionization

Emanuele Sobacchi, Andrei Mesinger, Bradley Greig

摘要:

对宇宙21厘米信号的干涉测量将彻底改变我们对再电离时代(EoR)的理解,最终提供早期宇宙的3D地图。然而,最初的检测将是低信噪比的,受到系统学的限制。为了确认一个假定的21厘米探测,并检查21厘米数据分析管道的准确性,将其与真正的宇宙学信号进行交叉相关将非常有用。最有希望的宇宙学信号是莱曼α发射星系(LAEs)的宽视场图,预计来自斯巴鲁Hyper-Suprime Cam(HSC)超深场。在这里,我们提出了在z~7的LAE地图和低频阵列(LOFAR)和计划的平方公里阵列阶段1(SKA 1)观察到的21厘米信号之间的相关性的估计。我们采用了一种系统的方法,改变:(一)处方分配LAES主机晕;和(二)中性和电离区(即EoR形态)的大尺度结构。我们发现,LAE-21 cm互相关对(i)不敏感,因此使其成为EoR的鲁棒探测器。在R~3-10 Mpc尺度上,使用LAE-21 cm交叉关联函数,用LOFAR进行1000小时的观测,就足以在大于1个标准差的情况下区分完全电离的宇宙和平均中性分数为xHI~0.50的宇宙。与LOFAR不同,其LAE-21 cm互相关的检测受到噪声的限制,SKA 1主要受到忽略EoR形态的限制。然而,计划中的100小时宽场SKA 1-Low调查将足以区分电离宇宙与xHI~0.25的宇宙,即使是最悲观的假设。

英文摘要:

Interferometry of the cosmic 21-cm signal is set to revolutionize our understanding of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), eventually providing 3D maps of the early Universe. Initial detections however will be low signal-to-noise, limited by systematics. To confirm a putative 21-cm detection, and check the accuracy of 21-cm data analysis pipelines, it would be very useful to cross-correlate against a genuine cosmological signal. The most promising cosmological signals are wide-field maps of Lyman alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs), expected from the Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam (HSC) Ultra-Deep field. Here we present estimates of the correlation between LAE maps at z~7 and the 21-cm signal observed by both the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the planned Square Kilometer Array Phase 1 (SKA1). We adopt a systematic approach, varying both: (i) the prescription of assigning LAEs to host halos; and (ii) the large-scale structure of neutral and ionized regions (i.e. EoR morphology). We find that the LAE-21cm cross-correlation is insensitive to (i), thus making it a robust probe of the EoR. A 1000h observation with LOFAR would be sufficient to discriminate at >1 standard deviation a fully ionized Universe from one with a mean neutral fraction of xHI~0.50, using the LAE-21cm cross-correlation function on scales of R~3-10 Mpc. Unlike LOFAR, whose detection of the LAE-21cm cross-correlation is limited by noise, SKA1 is mostly limited by ignorance of the EoR morphology. However, the planned 100h wide-field SKA1-Low survey will be sufficient to discriminate an ionized Universe from one with xHI~0.25, even with maximally pessimistic assumptions.

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