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arXiv 1602.04002astro-ph.GA
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室女星系团超弥散星系周围的超大质量暗晕

An overmassive Dark Halo around an Ultra-diffuse Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster

Michael A. Beasley, Aaron J. Romanowsky, Vincenzo Pota, Ignacio Martín Navarro, David Martinez Delgado, Fabian Neyer, Aaron L. Deich

摘要:

超扩散星系(UDG)具有巨星系的大小,但具有矮星的光度。了解它们起源的关键来自它们的总质量,但它们的低表面亮度($μ(V) \geq$ 25.0)通常禁止动力学研究。在这里,我们报告的第一个这样的测量UDG(VCC~1287在室女星系团),基于其球状星团系统动力学和大小。从7个GC中,我们测量到平均系统速度$v_{\rm sys}$ = 1071 $^{+14}_{-15}$ km/s,从而证实了室女座星系团的关联。我们在8.1千秒差距内测量了33 $^{+16}_{-10}$ km/s的速度色散,对应于$(4.5 \pm 2.8)\times10^{9}$ $M_{\odot}$的封闭质量和$(M/L)_g = 106^{+126}_{-54}$的$g$带质光比。从累积质量曲线,以及GC数,我们估计的维里质量的$\sim8\times10^{10}$ $M_{\odot}$,产生的$\sim3000$暗恒星的质量分数。我们发现,这UDG是一个离群值在$M_{\rm star} - M_{\rm halo}$的关系,表明极端的随机性相对大规模的恒星形成晕的集群。最后,我们讨论了如何计数GC提供了一个有效的途径来确定维里质量的UDG。

英文摘要:

Ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs) have the sizes of giant galaxies but the luminosities of dwarfs. A key to understanding their origins comes from their total masses, but their low surface brightnesses ($μ(V) \geq$ 25.0) generally prohibit dynamical studies. Here we report the first such measurements for a UDG (VCC~1287 in the Virgo cluster), based on its globular cluster system dynamics and size. From 7 GCs we measure a mean systemic velocity $v_{\rm sys}$ = 1071$^{+14}_{-15}$ km/s, thereby confirming a Virgo-cluster association. We measure a velocity dispersion of 33$^{+16}_{-10}$ km/s within 8.1 kpc, corresponding to an enclosed mass of $(4.5 \pm 2.8)\times10^{9}$ $M_{\odot}$ and a $g$-band mass-to-light ratio of $(M/L)_g = 106^{+126}_{-54}$. From the cumulative mass curve, along with the GC numbers, we estimate a virial mass of $\sim8\times10^{10}$ $M_{\odot}$, yielding a dark-to-stellar mass fraction of $\sim3000$. We show that this UDG is an outlier in $M_{\rm star} - M_{\rm halo}$ relations, suggesting extreme stochasticity in relatively massive star-forming halos in clusters. Finally, we discuss how counting GCs offers an efficient route to determining virial masses for UDGs.

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