We prove the existence of "Arnold diffusion orbits" in cusp-generic nearly integrable a priori stable systems on ${\mathbb A}^3$. The result relies on the cusp-generic existence of chains in nearly integrable a priori stable systems, proved in a previous paper, together with the existence of diffusion orbits along such chains. The latter result was obtained in collaboration with M. Gidea.
We improve the global Nekhoroshev stability for analytic quasi-convex nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. The new stability result is optimal, as it matches the fastest speed of Arnold diffusion.
In this paper, Arnold diffusion is proved to be generic phenomenon in nearly integrable convex Hamiltonian systems with three degrees of freedom: $$ H(x,y)=h(y)+εP(x,y), \qquad x\in\mathbb{T}^3,\ y\in\mathbb{R}^3. $$ Under typical perturbation $εP$, the system admits "connecting" orbit that passes through any two prescribed small balls in the same energy level $H^{-1}(E)$ provided $E$ is bigger than the minimum of the average action, namely, $E>\minα$.
In this paper, we prove that the net of transition chain is $δ$-dense for nearly integrable positive definite Hamiltonian systems with 3 degrees of freedom in the cusp-residual generic sense in $C^r$-topology, $r\ge 6$. The main ingredients of the proof existed in \cite{CZ,C17a,C17b}. As an immediate consequence, Arnold diffusion exists among this class of Hamiltonian systems. The question of \cite{C17c} is answered in Section 9 of the paper.
In this paper Arnold diffusion is proved to be a generic phenomenon in nearly integrable convex Hamiltonian systems with arbitrarily many degrees of freedom: $$ H(x,y)=h(y)+\eps P(x,y), \qquad x\in\mathbb{T}^n,\ y\in\mathbb{R}^n,\quad n\geq 3. $$ Under typical perturbation $\eps P$, the system admits "connecting" orbit that passes through any finitely many prescribed small balls in the same energy level $H^{-1}(E)$ provided $E>\min h$.
We consider the problem of Arnold's diffusion for nearly integrable isochronous Hamiltonian systems. We prove a shadowing theorem which improves the known estimates for the diffusion time. We also develop a new method for measuring the splitting of the separatrices. As an application we justify, for three time scales systems, that the splitting is correctly predicted by the Poincaré-Melnikov function.
This paper continues the discussion started in [CK19] concerning Arnold's legacy on classical KAM theory and (some of) its modern developments. We prove a detailed and explicit `global' Arnold's KAM Theorem, which yields, in particular, the Whitney conjugacy of a non-degenerate, real-analytic, nearly-integrable Hamiltonian system to an integrable system on a closed, nowhere dense, positive measure subset of the phase space. Detailed measure estimates on the Kolmogorov's set are provided in the case the phase space is: (A) a uniform neighborhood of an arbitrary (bounded) set times the d-torus a…
We consider the problem of Arnold Diffusion for nearly integrable partially isochronous Hamiltonian systems with three time scales. By means of a careful shadowing analysis, based on a variational technique, we prove that, along special directions, Arnold diffusion takes place with fast (polynomial) speed, even though the ``splitting determinant'' is exponentially small.
It is well known that instabilities of nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems occur around resonances. Dynamics near resonances of these systems is well approximated by the associated averaged system, called slow system. Each resonance is defined by a basis (a collection of integer vectors). We introduce a class of resonances whose basis can be divided into two well separated groups and call them dominant. We prove that the associated slow system can be well approximated by a subsystem given by one of the groups, both in the sense of the vector field and weak KAM theory. One of crucial ingredie…
We study the Arnold diffusion in a priori unstable near-integrable systems in a neighbourhood of a resonance of low order. We consider a non-autonomous near-integrable Hamiltonian system with $n+1/2$ degrees of freedom, $n\ge 2$. Let the Hamilton function $H$ of depend on the parameter $\varepsilon$, for $\varepsilon=0$ the system is integrable and has a homoclinic asymptotic manifold $Γ$. Our main result is that for small generic perturbation in an $\varepsilon$-neighborhood of $Γ$ there exist trajectories the projections of which on the space of actions cross the resonance. By ``generic pert…
The classical Arnold-Liouville theorem describes the geometry of an integrable Hamiltonian system near a regular level set of the moment map. Our results describe it near a nondegenerate singular level set: a tubular neighborhood of a connected singular nondegenerate level set, after a normal finite covering, admits a non-complete system of action-angle functions (the number of action functions is equal to the rank of the moment map), and it can be decomposed topologically, together with the associated singular Lagrangian foliation, to a direct product of simplest (codimension 1 and codimensio…
In this article, we improve previous results on exponential stability for analytic and Gevrey perturbations of quasi-convex integrable Hamiltonian systems. In particular, this provides a sharper upper bound on the speed of Arnold diffusion which we believe to be optimal.
In this article, we improve previous results on exponential stability for analytic and Gevrey perturbations of quasi-convex integrable Hamiltonian systems. In particular, this provides a sharper upper bound on the speed of Arnold diffusion which we believe to be optimal.
Consider a sufficiently smooth nearly integrable Hamiltonian system of two and a half degrees of freedom in action-angle coordinates \[ H_ε(φ,I,t)=H_0(I)+εH_1(φ,I,t), φ\in T^2,\ I\in U\subset R^2,\ t\in T=R/Z. \] Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser Theorem asserts that a set of nearly full measure in phase space consists of three dimensional invariant tori carrying quasiperiodic dynamics. In this paper we prove that for a class of nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems there is an orbit which contains these KAM tori in its $ω$-limit set. This implies that the closure of the orbit has almost full measure in…
In this paper we study existence of Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Laminations (NHIL) for a nearly integrable system given by the product of the pendulum and the rotator perturbed with a small coupling between the two. This example was introduced by Arnold. Using a {\it separatrix map}, introduced in a low dimensional case by Zaslavskii-Filonenko and studied in a multidimensional case by Treschev and Piftankin, for an open class of trigonometric perturbations we prove that NHIL do exist. Moreover, using a second order expansion for the separatrix map from [GKZ], we prove that the system restric…
In this paper we study the integrability of the Hamiltonian system associated to the fourth Painlevé equation. We prove that one two parametric family of this Hamiltonian system is not integrable in the sense of the Liouville-Arnold theorem. Computing explicitly the Stokes matrices and the formal invariants of the second variational equations we deduce that the connected component of the unit element of the corresponding Galois grou is not Abelian. Thus the Morales-Ramis-Simó theory leads to a non-integrable result. Moreover, combining the new result with our previous one we establish that for…
This paper is the first of a series of three dedicated to a proof of the Arnold diffusion conjecture for perturbations of {convex} integrable Hamiltonian systems on $\mathbb{A}^3=\mathbb{T}^3\times \mathbb{R}^3$. We consider systems of the form $H(θ,r)=h(r)+f(θ,r)$, where $h$ is a $C^κ$ strictly convex and superlinear function on $\mathbb{R}^3$ and $f\in C^κ(\mathbb{A}^3)$, $κ\geq2$. Given $e>\textrm{Min}\,h$ and a finite family of arbitrary open sets $O_i$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$ intersecting $h^{-1}(e)$, a diffusion orbit associated with these data is an orbit of $H$ which intersects each open set…
In the present paper we prove a form of Arnold diffusion. The main result says that for a "generic" perturbation of a nearly integrable system of arbitrary degrees of freedom $n\ge 2$ \[ H_0(p)+\eps H_1(þ,p,t),\quad þ\in \T^n,\ p\in B^n,\ t\in \T=\R/\T, \] with strictly convex $H_0$ there exists an orbit $(þ_{\e},p_{e})(t)$ exhibiting Arnold diffusion in the sens that [\sup_{t>0}\|p(t)-p(0) \| >l(H_1)>0] where $l(H_1)$ is a positive constant independant of $\e$. Our proof is a combination of geometric and variational methods. We first build 3-dimensional normally hyperbolic invariant cylinders…
We prove a form of Arnold diffusion in the a priori stable case. Let H0(p) + $ε$H1($θ$, p, t), $θ$ $\in$ T n , p $\in$ B n , t $\in$ T = R/T be a nearly integrable system of arbitrary degrees of freedom n 2 with a strictly convex H0. We show that for a "generic" $ε$H1, there exists an orbit ($θ$, p)(t) satisfying p(t) -- p(0) {\textgreater} l(H1) {\textgreater} 0, where l(H1) is independent of $ε$. The diffusion orbit travels along a co-dimension one resonance , and the only obstruction to our construction is a finite set of additional resonances. For the proof we use a combination geometric a…
We consider the problem of Arnold's diffusion for nearly integrable isochronous Hamiltonian systems. We prove a shadowing theorem which improves the known estimates for the diffusion time. We also justify for three time scales systems that the splitting of the separatrices is correctly predicted by the Poincare'-Melnikov function.
Arnold's diffusion in quasi integrable hamiltonian systems occurs in exponentially large time. We study an initially hyperbolic system which admits diffusion in polynomial time.
In this article, we prove the existence of Arnold diffusion for an interesting specific system -- discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The proof is for the 5-dimensional case with or without resonance. In higher dimensions, the problem is open. Progresses are made by establishing a complete set of Melnikov-Arnold integrals in higher and infinite dimensions. The openness lies at the concrete computation of these Melnikov-Arnold integrals. New machineries introduced here into the topic of Arnold diffusion are the Darboux transformation and isospectral theory of integrable systems.
Standard (Arnold-Liouville) integrable systems are intimately related to complex rotations. One can define a generalization of these, sharing many of their properties, where complex rotations are replaced by quaternionic ones. Actually this extension is not limited to the integrable case: one can define a generalization of Hamilton dynamics based on hyperKahler structures.
This paper studies the existence of invariant smooth Lagrangian graphs for Tonelli Hamiltonian systems with symmetries. In particular, we consider Tonelli Hamiltonians with n independent but not necessarily involutive constants of motion and obtain two theorems reminiscent of the Liouville-Arnold theorem. Moreover, we also obtain results on the structure of the configuration spaces of such systems that are reminiscent of results on the configuration space of completely integrable Tonelli Hamiltonians.
We consider a nearly integrable, non-isochronous, a-priori unstable Hamiltonian system with a (trigonometric polynomial) $O(μ)$-perturbation which does not preserve the unperturbed tori. We prove the existence of Arnold diffusion with diffusion time $T_d = O((1/ μ) \log (1/ μ))$ by a variational method which does not require the existence of ``transition chains of tori'' provided by KAM theory. We also prove that our estimate of the diffusion time $T_d$ is optimal as a consequence of a general stability result proved via classical perturbation theory.
In the present paper we prove a strong form of Arnold diffusion. Let $\mathbb{T}^2$ be the two torus and $B^2$ be the unit ball around the origin in $\mathbb{R}^2$. Fix $ρ>0$. Our main result says that for a "generic" time-periodic perturbation of an integrable system of two degrees of freedom \[ H_0(p)+εH_1(θ,p,t),\quad \ θ\in \mathbb{T}^2,\ p\in B^2,\ t\in \mathbb{T}, \] with a strictly convex $H_0$, there exists a $ρ$-dense orbit $(θ_ε,p_ε,t)(t)$ in $\mathbb{T}^2 \times B^2 \times \mathbb{T}$, namely, a $ρ$-neighborhood of the orbit contains $\mathbb{T}^2 \times B^2 \times \mathbb{T}$. Our …
We develop a variational method for constructing positive entropy invariant measures of Lagrangian systems without assuming transversal intersections of stable and unstable manifolds, and without restrictions to the size of non-integrable perturbations. We apply it to a family of two and a half degrees of freedom a-priori unstable Lagrangians, and show that if we assume that there is no topological obstruction to diffusion (precisely formulated in terms of topological non-degeneracy of minima of the Peierl's barrier function), then there exists a vast family of "horsheshoes", such as "shadowin…
In the present paper, we consider a smooth $C^\infty$ symplectic classification of Lagrangian fibrations near cusp singularities, parabolic orbits and cuspidal tori. We show that for these singularities as well as for an arrangement of singularities known as a flap, which arises in the integrable subcritical Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation, the action variables form a complete set of $C^\infty$ symplectic invariants. We also give a symplectic classification for parabolic orbits in the real-analytic case. Namely, we prove that a complete symplectic invariant in this case is given by a real-analyti…
We show that, in general, averaging at simple resonances a real--analytic, nearly--integrable Hamiltonian, one obtains a one--dimensional system with a cosine--like potential; ``in general'' means for a generic class of holomorphic perturbations and apart from a finite number of simple resonances with small Fourier modes; ``cosine--like'' means that the potential depends only on the resonant angle, with respect to which it is a Morse function with one maximum and one minimum. \\ Furthermore, the (full) transformed Hamiltonian is the sum of an effective one--dimen\-sio\-nal Hamiltonian (which i…
We consider non-isochronous, nearly integrable, a-priori unstable Hamiltonian systems with a (trigonometric polynomial) $O(μ)$-perturbation which does not preserve the unperturbed tori. We prove the existence of Arnold diffusion with diffusion time $ T_d = O((1/ μ) \log (1/ μ))$ by a variational method which does not require the existence of ``transition chains of tori'' provided by KAM theory. We also prove that our estimate of the diffusion time $T_d $ is optimal as a consequence of a general stability result derived from classical perturbation theory.
