In this paper, we propose a fast deep learning method for object saliency detection using convolutional neural networks. In our approach, we use a gradient descent method to iteratively modify the input images based on the pixel-wise gradients to reduce a pre-defined cost function, which is defined to measure the class-specific objectness and clamp the class-irrelevant outputs to maintain image background. The pixel-wise gradients can be efficiently computed using the back-propagation algorithm. We further apply SLIC superpixels and LAB color based low level saliency features to smooth and refine the gradients. Our methods are quite computationally efficient, much faster than other deep learning based saliency methods. Experimental results on two benchmark tasks, namely Pascal VOC 2012 and MSRA10k, have shown that our proposed methods can generate high-quality salience maps, at least comparable with many slow and complicated deep learning methods. Comparing with the pure low-level methods, our approach excels in handling many difficult images, which contain complex background, highly-variable salient objects, multiple objects, and/or very small salient objects.
This paper proposes a novel saliency detection method by developing a deeply-supervised recurrent convolutional neural network (DSRCNN), which performs a full image-to-image saliency prediction. For saliency detection, the local, global, and contextual information of salient objects is important to obtain a high quality salient map. To achieve this goal, the DSRCNN is designed based on VGGNet-16. Firstly, the recurrent connections are incorporated into each convolutional layer, which can make the model more powerful for learning the contextual information. Secondly, side-output layers are adde…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；XI’AN University of Posts & Telecommunications（西安邮电大学）
Video smoke detection is a promising fire detection method especially in open or large spaces and outdoor environments. Traditional video smoke detection methods usually consist of candidate region extraction and classification, but lack powerful characterization for smoke. In this paper, we propose a novel video smoke detection method based on deep saliency network. Visual saliency detection aims to highlight the most important object regions in an image. The pixel-level and object-level salient convolutional neural networks are combined to extract the informative smoke saliency map. An end-t…
Predicting saliency in videos is a challenging problem due to complex modeling of interactions between spatial and temporal information, especially when ever-changing, dynamic nature of videos is considered. Recently, researchers have proposed large-scale datasets and models that take advantage of deep learning as a way to understand what's important for video saliency. These approaches, however, learn to combine spatial and temporal features in a static manner and do not adapt themselves much to the changes in the video content. In this paper, we introduce Gated Fusion Network for dynamic sal…
Hefei University of Technology（合肥工业大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；Utrecht University（乌得勒支大学）
Light field imaging presents an attractive alternative to RGB imaging because of the recording of the direction of the incoming light. The detection of salient regions in a light field image benefits from the additional modeling of angular patterns. For RGB imaging, methods using CNNs have achieved excellent results on a range of tasks, including saliency detection. However, it is not trivial to use CNN-based methods for saliency detection on light field images because these methods are not specifically designed for processing light field inputs. In addition, current light field datasets are n…
Image saliency detection is an active research topic in the community of computer vision and multimedia. Fusing complementary RGB and thermal infrared data has been proven to be effective for image saliency detection. In this paper, we propose an effective approach for RGB-T image saliency detection. Our approach relies on a novel collaborative graph learning algorithm. In particular, we take superpixels as graph nodes, and collaboratively use hierarchical deep features to jointly learn graph affinity and node saliency in a unified optimization framework. Moreover, we contribute a more challen…
RGB-D salient object detection (SOD) is usually formulated as a problem of classification or regression over two modalities, i.e., RGB and depth. Hence, effective RGBD feature modeling and multi-modal feature fusion both play a vital role in RGB-D SOD. In this paper, we propose a depth-sensitive RGB feature modeling scheme using the depth-wise geometric prior of salient objects. In principle, the feature modeling scheme is carried out in a depth-sensitive attention module, which leads to the RGB feature enhancement as well as the background distraction reduction by capturing the depth geometry…
Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）；University of California, San Diego（加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校）
Saliency detection, finding the most important parts of an image, has become increasingly popular in computer vision. In this paper, we introduce Hierarchical Cellular Automata (HCA) -- a temporally evolving model to intelligently detect salient objects. HCA consists of two main components: Single-layer Cellular Automata (SCA) and Cuboid Cellular Automata (CCA). As an unsupervised propagation mechanism, Single-layer Cellular Automata can exploit the intrinsic relevance of similar regions through interactions with neighbors. Low-level image features as well as high-level semantic information ex…
In this paper, we proposed an integrated model of semantic-aware and contrast-aware saliency combining both bottom-up and top-down cues for effective saliency estimation and eye fixation prediction. The proposed model processes visual information using two pathways. The first pathway aims to capture the attractive semantic information in images, especially for the presence of meaningful objects and object parts such as human faces. The second pathway is based on multi-scale on-line feature learning and information maximization, which learns an adaptive sparse representation for the input and d…
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）；Insight Center for Data Analytics（洞察数据分析中心）；Dublin City University（都柏林城市大学）
The prediction of salient areas in images has been traditionally addressed with hand-crafted features based on neuroscience principles. This paper, however, addresses the problem with a completely data-driven approach by training a convolutional neural network (convnet). The learning process is formulated as a minimization of a loss function that measures the Euclidean distance of the predicted saliency map with the provided ground truth. The recent publication of large datasets of saliency prediction has provided enough data to train end-to-end architectures that are both fast and accurate. T…
Xiamen University（厦门大学）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）
The explanation for deep neural networks has drawn extensive attention in the deep learning community over the past few years. In this work, we study the visual saliency, a.k.a. visual explanation, to interpret convolutional neural networks. Compared to iteration based saliency methods, single backward pass based saliency methods benefit from faster speed, and they are widely used in downstream visual tasks. Thus, we focus on single backward pass based methods. However, existing methods in this category struggle to uccessfully produce fine-grained saliency maps concentrating on specific target…
Post-hoc analysis is a popular category in eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) study. In particular, methods that generate heatmaps have been used to explain the deep neural network (DNN), a black-box model. Heatmaps can be appealing due to the intuitive and visual ways to understand them but assessing their qualities might not be straightforward. Different ways to assess heatmaps' quality have their own merits and shortcomings. This paper introduces a synthetic dataset that can be generated adhoc along with the ground-truth heatmaps for more objective quantitative assessment. Each sampl…
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC)（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）
The prediction of saliency areas in images has been traditionally addressed with hand crafted features based on neuroscience principles. This paper however addresses the problem with a completely data-driven approach by training a convolutional network. The learning process is formulated as a minimization of a loss function that measures the Euclidean distance of the predicted saliency map with the provided ground truth. The recent publication of large datasets of saliency prediction has provided enough data to train a not very deep architecture which is both fast and accurate. The convolution…
Brand Visibility in Packaging: A Deep Learning Approach for Logo Detection, Saliency-Map Prediction, and Logo Placement Analysis
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, College of Engineering（德黑兰大学工程学院电气与计算机工程学院）；Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology（霍加托西理工大学电气工程学院）；Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University（戈尔甘大学工程学院）
Visual saliency modeling for images and videos is treated as two independent tasks in recent computer vision literature. While image saliency modeling is a well-studied problem and progress on benchmarks like SALICON and MIT300 is slowing, video saliency models have shown rapid gains on the recent DHF1K benchmark. Here, we take a step back and ask: Can image and video saliency modeling be approached via a unified model, with mutual benefit? We identify different sources of domain shift between image and video saliency data and between different video saliency datasets as a key challenge for ef…
This paper formulates bottom-up visual saliency as center surround conditional entropy and presents a fast and efficient technique for the computation of such a saliency map. It is shown that the new saliency formulation is consistent with self-information based saliency, decision-theoretic saliency and Bayesian definition of surprises but also faces the same significant computational challenge of estimating probability density in very high dimensional spaces with limited samples. We have developed a fast and efficient nonparametric method to make the practical implementation of these types of…
University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK（埃克塞特大学工程、数学与物理科学学院计算机科学系（注：此处按要求提取到大学级别，故主要机构为University of Exeter））
Deep convolutional neural networks have achieved impressive performance on a broad range of problems, beating prior art on established benchmarks, but it often remains unclear what are the representations learnt by those systems and how they achieve such performance. This article examines the specific problem of saliency detection, where benchmarks are currently dominated by CNN-based approaches, and investigates the properties of the learnt representation by visualizing the artificial neurons' receptive fields. We demonstrate that fine tuning a pre-trained network on the saliency detection ta…
Traditional saliency models usually adopt hand-crafted image features and human-designed mechanisms to calculate local or global contrast. In this paper, we propose a novel computational saliency model, i.e., deep spatial contextual long-term recurrent convolutional network (DSCLRCN) to predict where people looks in natural scenes. DSCLRCN first automatically learns saliency related local features on each image location in parallel. Then, in contrast with most other deep network based saliency models which infer saliency in local contexts, DSCLRCN can mimic the cortical lateral inhibition mech…
Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；DATA61,CSIRO（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织数据61研究所）
The success of current deep saliency detection methods heavily depends on the availability of large-scale supervision in the form of per-pixel labeling. Such supervision, while labor-intensive and not always possible, tends to hinder the generalization ability of the learned models. By contrast, traditional handcrafted features based unsupervised saliency detection methods, even though have been surpassed by the deep supervised methods, are generally dataset-independent and could be applied in the wild. This raises a natural question that "Is it possible to learn saliency maps without using la…
A deep feature based saliency model (DeepFeat) is developed to leverage the understanding of the prediction of human fixations. Traditional saliency models often predict the human visual attention relying on few level image cues. Although such models predict fixations on a variety of image complexities, their approaches are limited to the incorporated features. In this study, we aim to provide an intuitive interpretation of convolu- tional neural network deep features by combining low and high level visual factors. We exploit four evaluation metrics to evaluate the correspondence between the p…
Visual saliency models have enjoyed a big leap in performance in recent years, thanks to advances in deep learning and large scale annotated data. Despite enormous effort and huge breakthroughs, however, models still fall short in reaching human-level accuracy. In this work, I explore the landscape of the field emphasizing on new deep saliency models, benchmarks, and datasets. A large number of image and video saliency models are reviewed and compared over two image benchmarks and two large scale video datasets. Further, I identify factors that contribute to the gap between models and humans a…
In this paper, we present a fast yet effective method for pixel-level scale-invariant image fusion in spatial domain based on the scale-space theory. Specifically, we propose a scale-invariant structure saliency selection scheme based on the difference-of-Gaussian (DoG) pyramid of images to build the weights or activity map. Due to the scale-invariant structure saliency selection, our method can keep both details of small size objects and the integrity information of large size objects in images. In addition, our method is very efficient since there are no complex operation involved and easy t…
Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia（摩德纳和雷焦艾米利亚大学）
This paper presents a novel deep architecture for saliency prediction. Current state of the art models for saliency prediction employ Fully Convolutional networks that perform a non-linear combination of features extracted from the last convolutional layer to predict saliency maps. We propose an architecture which, instead, combines features extracted at different levels of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our model is composed of three main blocks: a feature extraction CNN, a feature encoding network, that weights low and high level feature maps, and a prior learning network. We compare …
National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）
Salient object detection has seen remarkable progress driven by deep learning techniques. However, most of deep learning based salient object detection methods are black-box in nature and lacking in interpretability. This paper proposes the first self-explanatory saliency detection network that explicitly exploits low- and high-level features for salient object detection. We demonstrate that such supportive clues not only significantly enhances performance of salient object detection but also gives better justified detection results. More specifically, we develop a multi-stage saliency encoder…
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology（中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心）；Research Center of Precision Sensing and Control, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所精密感知与控制研究中心）；LSEC（科学与工程计算国家重点实验室）；Institute of Applied Mathematics, AMSS, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院应用数学研究所）
Visual saliency detection aims at identifying the most visually distinctive parts in an image, and serves as a pre-processing step for a variety of computer vision and image processing tasks. To this end, the saliency detection procedure must be as fast and compact as possible and optimally processes input images in a real time manner. It is an essential application requirement for the saliency detection task. However, contemporary detection methods often utilize some complicated procedures to pursue feeble improvements on the detection precession, which always take hundreds of milliseconds an…
Salient object detection increasingly receives attention as an important component or step in several pattern recognition and image processing tasks. Although a variety of powerful saliency models have been intensively proposed, they usually involve heavy feature (or model) engineering based on priors (or assumptions) about the properties of objects and backgrounds. Inspired by the effectiveness of recently developed feature learning, we provide a novel Deep Image Saliency Computing (DISC) framework for fine-grained image saliency computing. In particular, we model the image saliency from both…
This paper studies audio-visual deep saliency prediction. It introduces a conceptually simple and effective Deep Audio-Visual Embedding for dynamic saliency prediction dubbed ``DAVE" in conjunction with our efforts towards building an Audio-Visual Eye-tracking corpus named ``AVE". Despite existing a strong relation between auditory and visual cues for guiding gaze during perception, video saliency models only consider visual cues and neglect the auditory information that is ubiquitous in dynamic scenes. Here, we investigate the applicability of audio cues in conjunction with visual ones in pre…
Center for Research in Computer Vision（计算机视觉研究中心）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；University of Central Florida（中佛罗里达大学）
Deep convolutional neural networks have demonstrated high performances for fixation prediction in recent years. How they achieve this, however, is less explored and they remain to be black box models. Here, we attempt to shed light on the internal structure of deep saliency models and study what features they extract for fixation prediction. Specifically, we use a simple yet powerful architecture, consisting of only one CNN and a single resolution input, combined with a new loss function for pixel-wise fixation prediction during free viewing of natural scenes. We show that our simple method is…
Recent advances in saliency detection have utilized deep learning to obtain high level features to detect salient regions in a scene. These advances have demonstrated superior results over previous works that utilize hand-crafted low level features for saliency detection. In this paper, we demonstrate that hand-crafted features can provide complementary information to enhance performance of saliency detection that utilizes only high level features. Our method utilizes both high level and low level features for saliency detection under a unified deep learning framework. The high level features …
Visual saliency is a fundamental problem in both cognitive and computational sciences, including computer vision. In this CVPR 2015 paper, we discover that a high-quality visual saliency model can be trained with multiscale features extracted using a popular deep learning architecture, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have had many successes in visual recognition tasks. For learning such saliency models, we introduce a neural network architecture, which has fully connected layers on top of CNNs responsible for extracting features at three different scales. We then propose a refineme…
Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；the University of Hong Kong（香港大学）
Visual saliency is a fundamental problem in both cognitive and computational sciences, including computer vision. In this paper, we discover that a high-quality visual saliency model can be learned from multiscale features extracted using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have had many successes in visual recognition tasks. For learning such saliency models, we introduce a neural network architecture, which has fully connected layers on top of CNNs responsible for feature extraction at three different scales. The penultimate layer of our neural network has been confirmed to be a…
This paper presents a co-salient object detection method to find common salient regions in a set of images. We utilize deep saliency networks to transfer co-saliency prior knowledge and better capture high-level semantic information, and the resulting initial co-saliency maps are enhanced by seed propagation steps over an integrated graph. The deep saliency networks are trained in a supervised manner to avoid online weakly supervised learning and exploit them not only to extract high-level features but also to produce both intra- and inter-image saliency maps. Through a refinement step, the in…
International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad（海得拉巴国际信息技术研究所）
Learning computational models for visual attention (saliency estimation) is an effort to inch machines/robots closer to human visual cognitive abilities. Data-driven efforts have dominated the landscape since the introduction of deep neural network architectures. In deep learning research, the choices in architecture design are often empirical and frequently lead to more complex models than necessary. The complexity, in turn, hinders the application requirements. In this paper, we identify four key components of saliency models, i.e., input features, multi-level integration, readout architectu…
Visual saliency models have recently begun to incorporate deep learning to achieve predictive capacity much greater than previous unsupervised methods. However, most existing models predict saliency using local mechanisms limited to the receptive field of the network. We propose a model that incorporates global scene semantic information in addition to local information gathered by a convolutional neural network. Our model is formulated as a mixture of experts. Each expert network is trained to predict saliency for a set of closely related images. The final saliency map is computed as a weight…
Saliency prediction has made great strides over the past two decades, with current techniques modeling low-level information, such as color, intensity and size contrasts, and high-level ones, such as attention and gaze direction for entire objects. Despite this, these methods fail to account for the dissimilarity between objects, which affects human visual attention. In this paper, we introduce a detection-guided saliency prediction network that explicitly models the differences between multiple objects, such as their appearance and size dissimilarities. Our approach allows us to fuse our obje…
South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Samsung USA（三星美国）；I2R ASTAR（新加坡科技研究局资讯通信研究院）
This paper is motivated from a fundamental curiosity on what defines a category of object shapes. For example, we may have the common knowledge that a plane has wings, and a chair has legs. Given the large shape variations among different instances of a same category, we are formally interested in developing a quantity defined for individual points on a continuous object surface; the quantity specifies how individual surface points contribute to the formation of the shape as the category. We term such a quantity as category-level shape saliency or shape saliency for short. Technically, we prop…
University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；Aalto University（阿尔托大学）；MarkableAI（MarkableAI公司）
Recently, data-driven deep saliency models have achieved high performance and have outperformed classical saliency models, as demonstrated by results on datasets such as the MIT300 and SALICON. Yet, there remains a large gap between the performance of these models and the inter-human baseline. Some outstanding questions include what have these models learned, how and where they fail, and how they can be improved. This article attempts to answer these questions by analyzing the representations learned by individual neurons located at the intermediate layers of deep saliency models. To this end,…
Weakly-supervised image segmentation is an important task in computer vision. A key problem is how to obtain high quality objects location from image-level category. Classification activation mapping is a common method which can be used to generate high-precise object location cues. However these location cues are generally very sparse and small such that they can not provide effective information for image segmentation. In this paper, we propose a saliency guided image segmentation network to resolve this problem. We employ a self-attention saliency method to generate subtle saliency maps, an…
University of Alberta（阿尔伯塔大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）
Growing interests in RGB-D salient object detection (RGB-D SOD) have been witnessed in recent years, owing partly to the popularity of depth sensors and the rapid progress of deep learning techniques. Unfortunately, existing RGB-D SOD methods typically demand large quantity of training images being thoroughly annotated at pixel-level. The laborious and time-consuming manual annotation has become a real bottleneck in various practical scenarios. On the other hand, current unsupervised RGB-D SOD methods still heavily rely on handcrafted feature representations. This inspires us to propose in thi…
Recent advances in deep learning have pushed the performances of visual saliency models way further than it has ever been. Numerous models in the literature present new ways to design neural networks, to arrange gaze pattern data, or to extract as much high and low-level image features as possible in order to create the best saliency representation. However, one key part of a typical deep learning model is often neglected: the choice of the loss function. In this work, we explore some of the most popular loss functions that are used in deep saliency models. We demonstrate that on a fixed netwo…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Institute of Frontier Technologies（阿里巴巴-浙江大学前沿技术联合研究院）
In this paper, we propose an end-to-end group-wise deep co-saliency detection approach to address the co-salient object discovery problem based on the fully convolutional network (FCN) with group input and group output. The proposed approach captures the group-wise interaction information for group images by learning a semantics-aware image representation based on a convolutional neural network, which adaptively learns the group-wise features for co-saliency detection. Furthermore, the proposed approach discovers the collaborative and interactive relationships between group-wise feature repres…
In this paper, we propose several novel deep learning methods for object saliency detection based on the powerful convolutional neural networks. In our approach, we use a gradient descent method to iteratively modify an input image based on the pixel-wise gradients to reduce a cost function measuring the class-specific objectness of the image. The pixel-wise gradients can be efficiently computed using the back-propagation algorithm. The discrepancy between the modified image and the original one may be used as a saliency map for the image. Moreover, we have further proposed several new trainin…
University of Moratuwa（莫拉图瓦大学）；Florida International University（佛罗里达国际大学）
Light field saliency detection -- important due to utility in many vision tasks -- still lacks speed and can improve in accuracy. Due to the formulation of the saliency detection problem in light fields as a segmentation task or a memorizing task, existing approaches consume unnecessarily large amounts of computational resources for training, and have longer execution times for testing. We solve this by aggressively reducing the large light field images to a much smaller three-channel feature map appropriate for saliency detection using an RGB image saliency detector with attention mechanisms.…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；MARKABLE；Université de Nantes（南特大学）；West Virginia University（西弗吉尼亚大学）；Baidu Research（百度研究院）
Currently, a plethora of saliency models based on deep neural networks have led great breakthroughs in many complex high-level vision tasks (e.g. scene description, object detection). The robustness of these models, however, has not yet been studied. In this paper, we propose a sparse feature-space adversarial attack method against deep saliency models for the first time. The proposed attack only requires a part of the model information, and is able to generate a sparser and more insidious adversarial perturbation, compared to traditional image-space attacks. These adversarial perturbations ar…
Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）；University of East Anglia（东安格利亚大学）
This paper proposes a deep learning model to efficiently detect salient regions in videos. It addresses two important issues: (1) deep video saliency model training with the absence of sufficiently large and pixel-wise annotated video data, and (2) fast video saliency training and detection. The proposed deep video saliency network consists of two modules, for capturing the spatial and temporal saliency information, respectively. The dynamic saliency model, explicitly incorporating saliency estimates from the static saliency model, directly produces spatiotemporal saliency inference without ti…
Visual Geometry Group, University of Oxford（牛津大学视觉几何组）
This paper addresses the visualisation of image classification models, learnt using deep Convolutional Networks (ConvNets). We consider two visualisation techniques, based on computing the gradient of the class score with respect to the input image. The first one generates an image, which maximises the class score [Erhan et al., 2009], thus visualising the notion of the class, captured by a ConvNet. The second technique computes a class saliency map, specific to a given image and class. We show that such maps can be employed for weakly supervised object segmentation using classification ConvNe…
ViASNet: A Video Ad Saliency Network for Predicting Dynamic Saliency and Viewer Engagement
Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA（数学系，马里兰大学，学院公园，MD 20742, 美国）；Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA（罗伯特·H·史密斯商学院，马里兰大学，学院公园，MD 20742, 美国）
Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）；University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）
In this paper, we propose a novel effective non-rigid object tracking framework based on the spatial-temporal consistent saliency detection. In contrast to most existing trackers that utilize a bounding box to specify the tracked target, the proposed framework can extract accurate regions of the target as tracking outputs. It achieves a better description of the non-rigid objects and reduces the background pollution for the tracking model. Furthermore, our model has several unique features. First, a tailored fully convolutional neural network (TFCN) is developed to model the local saliency pri…
We have developed a convolutional neural network for the purpose of recognizing facial expressions in human beings. We have fine-tuned the existing convolutional neural network model trained on the visual recognition dataset used in the ILSVRC2012 to two widely used facial expression datasets - CFEE and RaFD, which when trained and tested independently yielded test accuracies of 74.79% and 95.71%, respectively. Generalization of results was evident by training on one dataset and testing on the other. Further, the image product of the cropped faces and their visual saliency maps were computed u…
School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学电子信息学院）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Research School of Engineering, Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学工程研究学院）
There has been profound progress in visual saliency thanks to the deep learning architectures, however, there still exist three major challenges that hinder the detection performance for scenes with complex compositions, multiple salient objects, and salient objects of diverse scales. In particular, output maps of the existing methods remain low in spatial resolution causing blurred edges due to the stride and pooling operations, networks often neglect descriptive statistical and handcrafted priors that have potential to complement saliency detection results, and deep features at different lay…
Can deep learning models achieve greater generalization if their training is guided by reference to human perceptual abilities? And how can we implement this in a practical manner? This paper proposes a training strategy to ConveY Brain Oversight to Raise Generalization (CYBORG). This new approach incorporates human-annotated saliency maps into a loss function that guides the model's learning to focus on image regions that humans deem salient for the task. The Class Activation Mapping (CAM) mechanism is used to probe the model's current saliency in each training batch, juxtapose this model sal…
In this paper, we show that existing recognition and localization deep architectures, that have not been exposed to eye tracking data or any saliency datasets, are capable of predicting the human visual saliency. We term this as implicit saliency in deep neural networks. We calculate this implicit saliency using expectancy-mismatch hypothesis in an unsupervised fashion. Our experiments show that extracting saliency in this fashion provides comparable performance when measured against the state-of-art supervised algorithms. Additionally, the robustness outperforms those algorithms when we add l…
Incorporating various modes of information into the machine learning procedure is becoming a new trend. And data from various source can provide more information than single one no matter they are heterogeneous or homogeneous. Existing deep learning based algorithms usually directly concatenate features from each domain to represent the input data. Seldom of them take the quality of data into consideration which is a key issue in related multimodal problems. In this paper, we propose an efficient quality-aware deep neural network to model the weight of data from each domain using deep reinforc…
Discriminative localization is essential for fine-grained image classification task, which devotes to recognizing hundreds of subcategories in the same basic-level category. Reflecting on discriminative regions of objects, key differences among different subcategories are subtle and local. Existing methods generally adopt a two-stage learning framework: The first stage is to localize the discriminative regions of objects, and the second is to encode the discriminative features for training classifiers. However, these methods generally have two limitations: (1) Separation of the two-stage learn…
