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arXiv 1601.08089astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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星周盘间隙起源的另一种模型

An alternative model for the origin of gaps in circumstellar disks

Eduard I. Vorobyov, Zsolt Regaly, Manuel Guedel, D. N. C. Lin

摘要:

最近的观测和数值研究表明,塌陷的原恒星核心可能会从当地的环境中得到补充,我们探讨了淹没在外部反旋转环境中的原恒星核心的演变。这些模型预测了反向旋转盘的形成,其中气体表面密度中的深间隙将内部盘(与恒星共转)和外部反向旋转盘分开。这些差距的性质进行比较,以行星轴承的差距,形成在磁盘托管巨行星。我们采用数值流体动力学模拟的崩溃的核心,从当地的反旋转环境中补充,以及数值流体动力学模拟的孤立磁盘托管巨行星,推导出在这两种情况下形成的差距的属性。我们的数值模拟表明,反向旋转盘可以形成广泛的质量和角动量在当地环境中。分隔两个盘的间隙的损耗因子小于1%,距离恒星的距离可以从10到100 AU,并且可以以1 AU/Myr到>100 AU/Myr的速度向内传播。与我们之前的结论不同,间隙可能是一种长期存在的现象,在某些情况下可以与磁盘本身的寿命相媲美。通过选择合适的行星质量、粘性α参数和盘质量,行星轴承间隙和反向旋转盘间隙在气体密度分布和耗尽因子方面可能表现出显著的相似性,这可能使它们的观测差异变得复杂。

英文摘要:

Motivated by recent observational and numerical studies suggesting that collapsing protostellar cores may be replenished from the local environment, we explore the evolution of protostellar cores submerged in the external counter-rotating environment. These models predict the formation of counter-rotating disks with a deep gap in the gas surface density separating the inner disk (corotating with the star) and the outer counter-rotating disk. The properties of these gaps are compared to those of planet-bearing gaps that form in disks hosting giant planets. We employ numerical hydrodynamics simulations of collapsing cores that are replenished from the local counter-rotating environment, as well as numerical hydrodynamic simulations of isolated disks hosting giant planets, to derive the properties of the gaps that form in both cases. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that counter-rotating disks can form for a wide range of mass and angular momentum available in the local environment. The gap that separates both disks has a depletion factor smaller than 1%, can be located at a distance from ten to over a hundred AU from the star, and can propagate inward with velocity ranging from 1 AU/Myr to >100 AU/Myr. Unlike our previous conclusion, the gap can therefore be a long-lived phenomenon, comparable in some cases to the lifetime of the disk itself. For a proper choice of the planetary mass, the viscous α-parameter and the disk mass, the planet-bearing gaps and the gaps in counter-rotating disks may show a remarkable similarity in the gas density profile and depletion factor, which may complicate their observational differentiation.

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