In this work we propose a novel approach to perform segmentation by leveraging the abstraction capabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our method is based on Hough voting, a strategy that allows for fully automatic localisation and segmentation of the anatomies of interest. This approach does not only use the CNN classification outcomes, but it also implements voting by exploiting the features produced by the deepest portion of the network. We show that this learning-based segmentation method is robust, multi-region, flexible and can be easily adapted to different modalities. In the attempt to show the capabilities and the behaviour of CNNs when they are applied to medical image analysis, we perform a systematic study of the performances of six different network architectures, conceived according to state-of-the-art criteria, in various situations. We evaluate the impact of both different amount of training data and different data dimensionality (2D, 2.5D and 3D) on the final results. We show results on both MRI and transcranial US volumes depicting respectively 26 regions of the basal ganglia and the midbrain.
What neurosurgeons need to see: synthetic intra-operative MRI from ultrasound for brain-shift compensation in brain tumour surgery
Department of Neurosurgery, Neurovascular Unit, Río Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain（西班牙巴利亚多利德里奥·奥尔特加大学医院神经外科神经血管科）；Specialized Group in Biomedical Imaging and Computational Analysis (GEIBAC), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Valladolid (IBioVALL), Valladolid, Spain（西班牙巴利亚多利德生物医学研究与计算分析专业组(GEIBAC)，巴利亚多利德生物健康研究所(IBioVALL)）
A New Angle on Bones: Robust Pose Estimation in X-Ray and Ultrasound
Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck（吕贝克大学医学信息学系）；Institut of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein（石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因大学医院放射学与核医学研究所）；Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein（石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因大学医院小儿外科）；EchoScout GmbH
Cross-Modal MRI Ovary Segmentation in Endometriosis Using Unpaired TVUS Prototype Priors
Center for AI and Data Science (CAIDAS), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg（维尔茨堡大学人工智能与数据科学中心）；Institute for Computational Imaging and AI in Medicine (CompAI), Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学计算成像与医学人工智能研究所）；Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg（埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学模式识别实验室）；Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg（埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学生物医学工程人工智能系）
AlignUS: MRI-Guided Ultrasound Representation Learning for ALS Classification from Tongue Images
Unité de Recherche en Systèmes Intelligents Avancés (URSIA), Institut Supérieur du Numérique (SupNum)（高级智能系统研究单位（URSIA），数字高等学院（SupNum））；University of Basel（巴塞尔大学）
Joint Medical Image Enhancement and Segmentation with Diffusion-based Symbiotic Information Interaction
Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学深圳研究院）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Imperial Global Singapore, Imperial College London（伦敦帝国学院新加坡分校）
A Computational Pipeline for Advanced Analysis of 4D Flow MRI in the Left Atrium
PhySense, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra（PhySense，信息与通信技术系，庞培法布拉大学）；Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland（奥克兰生物工程研究所，奥克兰大学）；Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology（健康与环境科学学院，奥克兰技术大学）；University Hospital Centre Zagreb（Zagreb大学医院中心）；Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona（心血管研究所，医院临床，巴塞罗那大学）；Institut d’investigacions biomèdiques august pi i sunyer (IDIBAPS)（生物医学研究机构August Pi i Sunyer（IDIBAPS））；Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（医学工程与科学研究所，麻省理工学院）；Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery（Karolinska研究所，分子医学与外科学系）
Bayesian approaches for Quantifying Clinicians' Variability in Medical Image Quantification
CONNECT-AI Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine（延世大学医学院CONNECT-AI研究中心）；Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院戈登医学影像中心）；Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）
Vascular Segmentation of Functional Ultrasound Images using Deep Learning
AIstroSight；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化技术研究院）；Hospices Civils de Lyon（里昂慈善医院）；University Claude Bernard Lyon 1（里昂第一大学）；Lyon Neuroscience Research Center（里昂神经科学研究中心）
Cross-Modal Ultrasound-MRI Learning for Fetal Brain Ventricular Volumetry and Abnormality Screening
Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）；Shenzhen University（深圳大学）；Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院香港创新研究院人工智能与机器人中心）；School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen University（深圳大学人工智能学院）；School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University（南京医科大学生物医学工程与信息学院）
Advancements in Artificial Intelligence Applications for Cardiovascular Disease Research
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology（上海理工大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Southern Medical University（南方医科大学）；Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital（深圳市妇幼保健院）；Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences（上海健康医学院）
Poisson Ordinal Network for Gleason Group Estimation Using Bi-Parametric MRI
Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London（伦敦大学学院医学影像计算中心）；School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学人工智能学院）；Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London（伦敦大学学院医学影像中心）；National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University（北京大学健康数据科学国家研究院）
Fast and Explicit: Slice-to-Volume Reconstruction via 3D Gaussian Primitives with Analytic Point Spread Function Modeling
TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑技术大学医院，慕尼黑技术大学）；Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université（里莫尼神经科学研究所，艾克斯-马赛大学）；IMT Atlantique（IMT大西洋）；Department of Computing, Imperial College London（伦敦帝国理工学院计算机系）
Distilling Missing Modality Knowledge from Ultrasound for Endometriosis Diagnosis with Magnetic Resonance Images
Australian Institute for Machine Learning, University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学澳大利亚机器学习研究所）；Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University（弗林德斯大学弗林德斯健康与医学研究所）；Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学罗宾逊研究所）；Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey（萨里大学视觉、语音与信号处理中心）
Influence of High-Performance Image-to-Image Translation Networks on Clinical Visual Assessment and Outcome Prediction: Utilizing Ultrasound to MRI Translation in Prostate Cancer
Dilatation of Lateral Ventricles with Brain Volumes in Infants with 3D Transfontanelle US
MedICAL Laboratory, Polytechnique Montreal（蒙特利尔理工学院MedICAL实验室）；NED Laboratory, University of Montreal（蒙特利尔大学NED实验室）；CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center（圣尤斯汀大学医院研究中心）
Automatic brain tumor segmentation in 2D intra-operative ultrasound images using magnetic resonance imaging tumor annotations
Department of Health Research（健康研究系）；SINTEF Digital（SINTEF数字）；Department of Physics（物理系）；Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)（挪威科学与技术大学（NTNU））；Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging（循环与医学成像系）；St. Olavs hospital（圣奥拉夫医院）；Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science（神经医学与运动科学系）
