This paper presents a content-aware style transfer algorithm for paintings and photos of similar content using pre-trained neural network, obtaining better results than the previous work. In addition, the numerical experiments show that the style pattern and the content information is not completely separated by neural network.
Neural style transfer has drawn broad attention in recent years. However, most existing methods aim to explicitly model the transformation between different styles, and the learned model is thus not generalizable to new styles. We here attempt to separate the representations for styles and contents, and propose a generalized style transfer network consisting of style encoder, content encoder, mixer and decoder. The style encoder and content encoder are used to extract the style and content factors from the style reference images and content reference images, respectively. The mixer employs a b…
Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学协同媒体网络创新中心);Microsoft(微软)
Image style transfer has drawn broad attention in recent years. However, most existing methods aim to explicitly model the transformation between different styles, and the learned model is thus not generalizable to new styles. We here propose a unified style transfer framework for both character typeface transfer and neural style transfer tasks leveraging style and content separation. A key merit of such framework is its generalizability to new styles and contents. The overall framework consists of style encoder, content encoder, mixer and decoder. The style encoder and content encoder are use…
Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学);The Chinese University of Hong Kong(香港中文大学)
Generating images that fit a given text description using machine learning has improved greatly with the release of technologies such as the CLIP image-text encoder model; however, current methods lack artistic control of the style of image to be generated. We present an approach for generating styled drawings for a given text description where a user can specify a desired drawing style using a sample image. Inspired by a theory in art that style and content are generally inseparable during the creative process, we propose a coupled approach, known here as StyleCLIPDraw, whereby the drawing is…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST)(韩国高等科学技术研究院(KAIST))
One of the important research topics in image generative models is to disentangle the spatial contents and styles for their separate control. Although StyleGAN can generate content feature vectors from random noises, the resulting spatial content control is primarily intended for minor spatial variations, and the disentanglement of global content and styles is by no means complete. Inspired by a mathematical understanding of normalization and attention, here we present a novel hierarchical adaptive Diagonal spatial ATtention (DAT) layers to separately manipulate the spatial contents from style…
SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies)(综合研究大学院大学(高等研究生院大学));The National Institute of Informatics(国立信息学研究所)
Style transfer is to render given image contents in given styles, and it has an important role in both computer vision fundamental research and industrial applications. Following the success of deep learning based approaches, this problem has been re-launched recently, but still remains a difficult task because of trade-off between preserving contents and faithful rendering of styles. Indeed, how well-balanced content and style are is crucial in evaluating the quality of stylized images. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end two-stream Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) aiming at balancing …
University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校)
Photorealistic style transfer is the task of synthesizing a realistic-looking image when adapting the content from one image to appear in the style of another image. Modern models commonly embed a transformation that fuses features describing the content image and style image and then decodes the resulting feature into a stylized image. We introduce a general-purpose transformation that enables controlling the balance between how much content is preserved and the strength of the infused style. We offer the first experiments that demonstrate the performance of existing transformations across di…
Disentangling factors of variation within data has become a very challenging problem for image generation tasks. Current frameworks for training a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), learn to disentangle the representations of the data in an unsupervised fashion and capture the most significant factors of the data variations. However, these approaches ignore the principle of content and style disentanglement in image generation, which means their learned latent code may alter the content and style of the generated images at the same time. This paper describes the Style and Content Disentangl…
University of Southern California(南加州大学);Pinscreen;USC Institute for Creative Technologies(南加州大学创意技术研究所)
Existing methods for AI-generated artworks still struggle with generating high-quality stylized content, where high-level semantics are preserved, or separating fine-grained styles from various artists. We propose a novel Generative Adversarial Disentanglement Network which can disentangle two complementary factors of variations when only one of them is labelled in general, and fully decompose complex anime illustrations into style and content in particular. Training such model is challenging, since given a style, various content data may exist but not the other way round. Our approach is divi…
Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, IWR, Heidelberg University(海德堡大学图像处理器协作实验室(Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, IWR, Heidelberg University), 海德堡大学图像处理器协作实验室(IWR), 海德堡大学(Heidelberg University))
Style transfer has recently received a lot of attention, since it allows to study fundamental challenges in image understanding and synthesis. Recent work has significantly improved the representation of color and texture and computational speed and image resolution. The explicit transformation of image content has, however, been mostly neglected: while artistic style affects formal characteristics of an image, such as color, shape or texture, it also deforms, adds or removes content details. This paper explicitly focuses on a content-and style-aware stylization of a content image. Therefore, …
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar(甘地讷格尔印度理工学院)
One of the major challenges of style transfer is the appropriate image features supervision between the output image and the input (style and content) images. An efficient strategy would be to define an object map between the objects of the style and the content images. However, such a mapping is not well established when there are semantic objects of different types and numbers in the style and the content images. It also leads to content mismatch in the style transfer output, which could reduce the visual quality of the results. We propose an object-based style transfer approach, called Deep…
In this work, we focus on the challenge of taking partial observations of highly-stylized text and generalizing the observations to generate unobserved glyphs in the ornamented typeface. To generate a set of multi-content images following a consistent style from very few examples, we propose an end-to-end stacked conditional GAN model considering content along channels and style along network layers. Our proposed network transfers the style of given glyphs to the contents of unseen ones, capturing highly stylized fonts found in the real-world such as those on movie posters or infographics. We …
Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Korea(韩国人工智能研究院)
Arbitrary style transfer aims to synthesize a content image with the style of an image to create a third image that has never been seen before. Recent arbitrary style transfer algorithms find it challenging to balance the content structure and the style patterns. Moreover, simultaneously maintaining the global and local style patterns is difficult due to the patch-based mechanism. In this paper, we introduce a novel style-attentional network (SANet) that efficiently and flexibly integrates the local style patterns according to the semantic spatial distribution of the content image. A new ident…
Recently, attentional arbitrary style transfer methods have been proposed to achieve fine-grained results, which manipulates the point-wise similarity between content and style features for stylization. However, the attention mechanism based on feature points ignores the feature multi-manifold distribution, where each feature manifold corresponds to a semantic region in the image. Consequently, a uniform content semantic region is rendered by highly different patterns from various style semantic regions, producing inconsistent stylization results with visual artifacts. We proposed the progress…
Style transfer generates an image whose content comes from one image and style from the other. Image-to-image translation approaches with disentangled representations have been shown effective for style transfer between two image categories. However, previous methods often assume a shared domain-invariant content space, which could compromise the content representation power. For addressing this issue, this paper leverages domain-specific mappings for remapping latent features in the shared content space to domain-specific content spaces. This way, images can be encoded more properly for style…
Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)(浦项科技大学)
Current image-to-image translations do not control the output domain beyond the classes used during training, nor do they interpolate between different domains well, leading to implausible results. This limitation largely arises because labels do not consider the semantic distance. To mitigate such problems, we propose a style-aware discriminator that acts as a critic as well as a style encoder to provide conditions. The style-aware discriminator learns a controllable style space using prototype-based self-supervised learning and simultaneously guides the generator. Experiments on multiple dat…
University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校)
Photorealistic style transfer entails transferring the style of a reference image to another image so the result seems like a plausible photo. Our work is inspired by the observation that existing models are slow due to their large sizes. We introduce PCA-based knowledge distillation to distill lightweight models and show it is motivated by theory. To our knowledge, this is the first knowledge distillation method for photorealistic style transfer. Our experiments demonstrate its versatility for use with different backbone architectures, VGG and MobileNet, across six image resolutions. Compared…
Only-Style: Stylistic Consistency in Image Generation without Content Leakage
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens(电气与计算机工程学院,国家技术大学雅典分校);Robotics Institute, Athena Research Center(机器人研究所,雅典研究中心);HERON - Center of Excellence in Robotics(HERON-机器人卓越中心)
Recently, style transfer has received a lot of attention. While much of this research has aimed at speeding up processing, the approaches are still lacking from a principled, art historical standpoint: a style is more than just a single image or an artist, but previous work is limited to only a single instance of a style or shows no benefit from more images. Moreover, previous work has relied on a direct comparison of art in the domain of RGB images or on CNNs pre-trained on ImageNet, which requires millions of labeled object bounding boxes and can introduce an extra bias, since it has been as…
SplitFlux: Learning to Decouple Content and Style from a Single Image
School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence(计算与人工智能学院);University College London, University of London(伦敦大学大学学院);College of Computer Science and Technology(计算机科学与技术学院)
In this work, we propose and validate a framework to leverage language-image pretraining representations for training-free zero-shot sketch-to-image synthesis. We show that disentangled content and style representations can be utilized to guide image generators to employ them as sketch-to-image generators without (re-)training any parameters. Our approach for disentangling style and content entails a simple method consisting of elementary arithmetic assuming compositionality of information in representations of input sketches. Our results demonstrate that this approach is competitive with stat…
Style transfer is a problem of rendering image with some content in the style of another image, for example a family photo in the style of a painting of some famous artist. The drawback of classical style transfer algorithm is that it imposes style uniformly on all parts of the content image, which perturbs central objects on the content image, such as faces or text, and makes them unrecognizable. This work proposes a novel style transfer algorithm which automatically detects central objects on the content image, generates spatial importance mask and imposes style non-uniformly: central object…
Hengyang Normal University(衡阳师范学院);Cardiff University(卡迪夫大学)
This paper presents an automatic image synthesis method to transfer the style of an example image to a content image. When standard neural style transfer approaches are used, the textures and colours in different semantic regions of the style image are often applied inappropriately to the content image, ignoring its semantic layout, and ruining the transfer result. In order to reduce or avoid such effects, we propose a novel method based on automatically segmenting the objects and extracting their soft semantic masks from the style and content images, in order to preserve the structure of the …
Unsupervised image-to-image translation aims to learn the mapping between two visual domains with unpaired samples. Existing works focus on disentangling domain-invariant content code and domain-specific style code individually for multimodal purposes. However, less attention has been paid to interpreting and manipulating the translated image. In this paper, we propose to separate the content code and style code simultaneously in a unified framework. Based on the correlation between the latent features and the high-level domain-invariant tasks, the proposed framework demonstrates superior perf…
University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca(卢卡高等研究院);Canon Medical Research Europe Ltd.(佳能医疗欧洲研究有限公司);The Alan Turing Institute(艾伦·图灵研究所)
A recent spate of state-of-the-art semi- and un-supervised solutions disentangle and encode image "content" into a spatial tensor and image appearance or "style" into a vector, to achieve good performance in spatially equivariant tasks (e.g. image-to-image translation). To achieve this, they employ different model design, learning objective, and data biases. While considerable effort has been made to measure disentanglement in vector representations, and assess its impact on task performance, such analysis for (spatial) content - style disentanglement is lacking. In this paper, we conduct an e…
York University(约克大学);École de technologie supérieure (ÉTS)(高等技术学院(ÉTS))
Image style transfer aims to manipulate the appearance of a source image, or "content" image, to share similar texture and colors of a target "style" image. Ideally, the style transfer manipulation should also preserve the semantic content of the source image. A commonly used approach to assist in transferring styles is based on Gram matrix optimization. One problem of Gram matrix-based optimization is that it does not consider the correlation between colors and their styles. Specifically, certain textures or structures should be associated with specific colors. This is particularly challengin…
UC Santa Barbara(加州大学圣巴巴拉分校);UC Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校)
Despite having promising results, style transfer, which requires preparing style images in advance, may result in lack of creativity and accessibility. Following human instruction, on the other hand, is the most natural way to perform artistic style transfer that can significantly improve controllability for visual effect applications. We introduce a new task, language-driven artistic style transfer (LDAST), to manipulate the style of a content image, guided by a text. We propose contrastive language visual artist (CLVA) that learns to extract visual semantics from style instructions and accom…
Recent neural style transfer frameworks have obtained astonishing visual quality and flexibility in Single-style Transfer (SST), but little attention has been paid to Multi-style Transfer (MST) which refers to simultaneously transferring multiple styles to the same image. Compared to SST, MST has the potential to create more diverse and visually pleasing stylization results. In this paper, we propose the first MST framework to automatically incorporate multiple styles into one result based on regional semantics. We first improve the existing SST backbone network by introducing a novel multi-le…
University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);Microsoft Research Asia(微软亚洲研究院)
Style-guided text image generation tries to synthesize text image by imitating reference image's appearance while keeping text content unaltered. The text image appearance includes many aspects. In this paper, we focus on transferring style image's background and foreground color patterns to the content image to generate photo-realistic text image. To achieve this goal, we propose 1) a content-style cross attention based pixel sampling approach to roughly mimicking the style text image's background; 2) a pixel-wise style modulation technique to transfer varying color patterns of the style imag…
Inversion-Free Style Transfer with Dual Rectified Flows
Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing(北京科技大学计算机科学与技术系);Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院自动化研究所);School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院)